Johan Ghazali is eager to get back in the win column when he returns to the Circle at ONE 168: Denver  on Friday, September 6. The talented teen suffered his first defeat at the hands of Nguyen Tran Duy Nhat at ONE 167, but showed his grit by firing back at the Vietnamese star through all three rounds. “There was plenty to learn from that last fight, and that defeat against Nguyen is only making me more pumped up to perform better,” Ghazali said to ONE . “[It hasn’t dented my confidence] at all. It’s still there, and I’ve just got to show it in Colorado. The loss does give people that sense that I’m not there at the top of my game, but I’m ready to show them what I’m made of.” “Fans can expect the very same version of Johan Ghazali, the one before my loss. That version had never left. I only hunt for one thing – a knockout.” ONE 168 will be the first time the Malaysian-American star will compete on U.S. soil. When Ghazali got the call, he was taken aback that he would be included on the stacked lineup. Having a chance to compete in front of his extended family for the first time is not something he is taking for granted. “Man, to be honest, I was lost for words [when I was asked to fight at ONE 168: Denver]. It’s a moment that I’ve wanted ever since I saw the card. Plus, my family – my grandparents, my cousins, my aunts – are all just in New Mexico,” Ghazali remarked. “This is the chance for them to finally watch me fight live. I cannot wait to put on a show for them and for everyone else watching from around the world.” Standing across the Circle from Ghazali will be Josue Cruz. If there is any trepidation from the Muay Thai phenom, he is not letting it show. Ghazali is radiating confidence ahead of the flyweight showdown. “Not trying to sound too confident or anything like that, but I believe my striking is way better than what Cruz brings to the table. I don’t think he’ll be able to handle my strikes when we fight,” the talented teen said. “I think it’s going to be me putting the pressure on him, trying to score, trying to find that knockout, to be honest. That’s all I can think about now.” One of Ghazali's biggest lessons from his last outing is to be patient. While he will still be seeking a show-stealing knockout, “Jojo” plans to take his time and wear down Cruz so that the finish comes naturally. “Ideally, I’d like a quick finish, but I’m not underestimating Cruz. I know he’ll be eager to fight. However, realistically, I think it’ll be hard for him. So, maybe a knockout in the second or third round. A late one would be nice, and it’ll be great to have a bit of drama,” Ghazali said. “I want to do the work with my hands, pressure him, break his defense, and have fun. But who knows, there could be a head kick or something that fans have never seen before.” ONE 168: Denver airs live on Friday, September 6, from the Ball Arena. The event is free on Prime Video  beginning at 8 p.m. ET/5 p.m. PT. Remaining tickets are available via Ticketmaster .

Caio Borralho, a key figure in the unstoppable rise of the Fighting Nerds, is set to headline his first UFC main event this weekend against the formidable Jared Cannonier. As the 31-year-old middleweight continues his ascent in the ranks, Borralho reflects on his team's rapid success and his journey to the top. The Fighting Nerds, an up-and-coming team of talented fighters from Sao Paulo, has quickly gained recognition in the UFC, with Borralho leading the charge. From his beginnings on Dana White’s Contender Series to his current six-fight winning streak in the Octagon, Borralho has become a force to be reckoned with in the middleweight division. Alongside his teammates like Bruna Brasil, Jean Silva, and Carlos Prates, Borralho has helped put the Fighting Nerds on the UFC map, making them a team to watch. As Borralho prepares to face Cannonier, he reflects on the sacrifices and hard work that have brought him and his team to this pivotal moment. With a 16-fight unbeaten streak and an unyielding determination to succeed, Borralho is ready to prove that the "nerds" have the power to dominate in the UFC. Don't miss the action as Caio Borralho steps into the spotlight, aiming to solidify his place among the UFC elite and continue the Fighting Nerds' rise to the top. Tune in to UFC Fight Night: Cannonier vs. Borralho live from UFC APEX in Las Vegas on August 24, 2024. Prelims start at 7pm ET/4pm PT, with the main card kicking off on ESPN & ESPN+ at 10pm ET/7pm PT.

Due to an injury, Danny Silva has been forced to withdraw from his featherweight fight against Dennis Buzukja. Stepping in for Silva will be Francis Marshall, a veteran of Dana White’s Contender Series . This matchup will now be held in the lightweight division. UFC FIGHT NIGHT: CANNONIER vs BORRALHO is scheduled for this Saturday, August 24 at the UFC Apex in Las Vegas. Make sure not to miss any of the action from UFC Fight Night: Cannonier vs Borralho live at the UFC Apex in Las Vegas, Nevada on August 24, 2024. The prelims start at 7pm ET/4pm PT, with the main card airing live on ESPN & ESPN+ at 10pm ET/7pm PT.

Ninjutsu, often shrouded in mystery and intrigue, is the ancient martial art practiced by the legendary ninja of feudal Japan. These covert agents, known for their mastery of espionage, sabotage, guerrilla warfare, and assassination, relied on a wide array of skills collectively referred to as "Ninjutsu" or "the art of stealth." But Ninjutsu is much more than a single martial art; it is a complex system of combat, survival, and psychological warfare techniques that have been refined over centuries. In this article, we delve deep into the various types of Ninjutsu, breaking down each one to reveal the true essence of the ninja's formidable skill set. 1. Taijutsu (体術) - The Art of Unarmed Combat Taijutsu, the core of Ninjutsu, is the method of fighting without weapons. It emphasizes using the body’s natural movements to defeat an opponent, focusing on flexibility, speed, and adaptability. Taijutsu is not just about brute strength; it’s about using the opponent's energy against them, employing throws, joint locks, and strikes to vital points. This martial art forms the foundation upon which many other Ninjutsu techniques are built. 2. Kenjutsu (剣術) - The Art of the Sword Kenjutsu refers to the techniques of swordsmanship practiced by the ninja. Unlike the samurai, who often fought in open combat, ninja used the sword in a more versatile manner. The ninja-to, a shorter, straighter sword compared to the katana, was ideal for quick, lethal strikes and could also be used for climbing and stealth attacks. Kenjutsu training involves mastering various cuts, thrusts, and defensive maneuvers, as well as understanding the psychological aspects of swordplay. 3. Bōjutsu (棒術) - The Art of the Staff Bōjutsu is the art of wielding a staff, specifically the six-foot-long bō. The staff was a common tool for ninja, used not only as a weapon but also as a tool for climbing, vaulting, and even disguising. Techniques involve striking, thrusting, and sweeping with the staff, making it a versatile weapon in close combat or against multiple opponents. Bōjutsu training also teaches how to use everyday objects as weapons, in line with the ninja’s resourceful nature. 4. Naginatajutsu (薙刀術) - The Art of the Polearm Naginatajutsu focuses on the use of the naginata, a pole weapon with a curved blade on the end. This weapon allowed ninja to engage opponents at a distance, combining the slicing power of a sword with the reach of a spear. Naginatajutsu techniques include wide, sweeping motions that can disarm or incapacitate an enemy from several feet away. This martial art was particularly useful for dealing with mounted opponents or in situations where reach was essential. 5. Kusarigamajutsu (鎖鎌術) - The Art of the Chain and Sickle Kusarigamajutsu is one of the more unique and specialized forms of Ninjutsu, involving the use of a kusarigama—a sickle with a chain attached to it. The chain could be used to entangle an opponent’s weapon or limbs, while the sickle delivered the killing blow. Mastery of kusarigamajutsu requires exceptional coordination and timing, as the practitioner must manage the momentum of the chain while staying out of harm’s way. 6. Shurikenjutsu (手裏剣術) - The Art of Throwing Blades Perhaps the most iconic ninja weapon is the shuriken, a small, star-shaped blade that could be thrown with deadly accuracy. Shurikenjutsu is the art of throwing these blades to distract, wound, or kill an opponent. Though often depicted as a primary weapon in popular media, shuriken were typically used as a secondary tool, allowing the ninja to gain the upper hand in combat or create an opening to escape. 7. Suiren (水練) - The Art of Water Techniques Ninja were also known for their ability to navigate and fight in aquatic environments. Suiren encompasses a variety of techniques used for swimming, underwater combat, and stealthy approaches via water. Ninja used specialized breathing tubes, floating devices, and even water surface walking techniques to evade detection and launch surprise attacks. Suiren also included methods for crossing rivers and infiltrating enemy positions from unexpected angles. 8. Hensōjutsu (変装術) - The Art of Disguise and Impersonation Stealth and deception were crucial elements of Ninjutsu, and Hensōjutsu is the art of disguise. Ninja were masters of blending into their environment, whether by impersonating peasants, monks, or even samurai. This martial art involves not only physical disguises but also the psychological aspect of adopting the mannerisms and behaviors of the person being impersonated. Hensōjutsu allowed ninja to gather intelligence, move unnoticed, and strike from within enemy ranks. 9. Intonjutsu (隠遁術) - The Art of Escaping and Concealment Intonjutsu is the art of evasion, focusing on techniques to disappear or escape from pursuit. This could involve using smoke bombs, creating diversions, or utilizing hidden escape routes. Ninja were trained to disappear in an instant, using their surroundings to their advantage. Intonjutsu also includes methods for hiding in plain sight, such as camouflaging oneself in natural or urban environments. 10. Kayakujutsu (火薬術) - The Art of Explosives and Pyrotechnics Kayakujutsu involves the use of gunpowder and explosives, a field in which ninja were pioneers. This martial art includes the creation and deployment of explosives, flash bombs, and incendiary devices. These tools were used to cause confusion, create diversions, or demolish structures, making kayakujutsu a vital part of the ninja’s arsenal. Understanding the chemistry and physics behind these devices was as important as the ability to deploy them effectively in combat. Ninjutsu is not merely a single discipline but a comprehensive system of martial arts and survival techniques that allowed the ninja to become the most feared covert operatives in history. Each type of Ninjutsu, from the unarmed combat of Taijutsu to the explosive power of Kayakujutsu, played a crucial role in the ninja’s success. By mastering these arts, ninja were able to blend into the shadows, strike with precision, and disappear without a trace. The legacy of Ninjutsu lives on today, not only as a fascinating part of martial arts history but as a symbol of the power of skill, strategy, and adaptability.

In ancient times, the Greeks developed a culture in which combat played a major role. Athletes prepared to fight unarmed in the “heavy events” — wrestling, boxing and pankration — at the many festivals held throughout the country, with most of the contestants dreaming of one day competing at the Olympiad. Consequently, the Greek people developed a thirst for violence, and the Olympic Games revolved around symbolic warfare.  All that explains why the Greek hoplite (foot soldier) was perhaps the most dominant and feared warrior of his time. This was especially true of Sparta, where boys were taken from their homes when they were as young as 7 so they could be groomed into fierce fighters.  The arms and armor these warriors learned to use were collectively referred to as panoply, meaning “all arms.” The average kit for an adult weighed between 40 and 60 pounds and included a shield, bladed weapons and defensive coverings. Those components are discussed in detail below.  The Shield  The shield (or aspis) was a deeply dished device constructed from wood. Some had a thin sheet of bronze on the outer surface, but often it was just around the rim. To keep it in place, the soldier held the antilabe (grip) on the shield’s edge.  This worked well enough, but later when the argive handle was created, the soldier could use his entire arm and shoulder to bear the weight of the shield rather than just his wrist. Now, Greek fighters were able to wield much larger and heavier shields, which they used not just for defense but also for offense.  Battlefield Note: It’s been theorized that the outward curvature of the shield served to give its owner additional breathing space when in close formation. The way the Greeks fought often entailed the use of phalanxes, which had warriors pressed together so tightly that breathing could be difficult. The concave side of the shield provided room for their chests to fully expand.  Unfortunately, the weight of the larger shield made it cumbersome to carry on long marches. And when a soldier had to retreat quickly in battle, he often would be forced to drop his shield — which might lead to his being ridiculed as a coward when he returned home.  The Spear  The dory was an iron-tipped spear used to administer killing blows with an overhand or underhand thrust. With its length of 6 to 9 feet, it served as the first line of attack. The dory typically had a leaf-shaped spearhead and a spike at the back. The spike was used if the spear- head broke or if a soldier needed to finish an enemy who’d fallen to the ground.  Battlefield Note: The spear’s iron head and heavy shaft made it effective for inflicting deep wounds to the throat and thighs of the enemy. Wielded right, it could even penetrate an opponent’s faceplate or body protection. Against the lighter-weight shields and armor of foreign foes (those not from other Greek city-states), the dory proved even deadlier, easily penetrating, for example, the wicker constructions used by the enemy during the Persian Wars.  While the butt-spike was useful for finishing wounded enemies who happened to be lying on the ground as a Greek formation advanced, it also had great utility in an active confrontation. When the leaf point was used underhand — that is, when the spear was wielded like a sword — a forward thrust at the opponent would most likely be blocked upward by his shield. To press the attack, a shield-edge thrust into the enemy’s shield would be effected, knocking the opponent backward and exposing his foot to a thrust from the butt-spike. That exposed foot, under the edge of the shield, resembled a lizard peeking from under a rock and may have prompted the Greek soldier’s slang for the butt-spike: lizard killer.  The chief advantage of the spear was that it enabled a soldier to keep his enemy at bay in battle. Being a single- handed weapon, it was held in the right hand, leaving the left arm free to support the shield. In the phalanx arrangement, the dory’s length proved effective for engaging multiple ranks of the enemy’s formation. This was especially true of the Macedonian Greeks, who liked to wield an 18-foot-long pike called a sarissa . The Swords  At close quarters, the hoplite relied on a variety of edged weapons to cut, stab and slash his adversaries. The xiphos was a double-edged, one-handed sword that was employed when a spear couldn’t be used. The classic blade length was generally 20 to 24 inches, although the Spartans supposedly used blades as short as 12 inches during the Greco- Roman Wars. The leaf-like shape of the xiphos lent itself to both cutting and thrusting. The origins of the design are not known; it’s believed to have existed since shortly after the first swords were fabricated. In Greece, early versions of the xiphos were cast in bronze, while during the Classical period, iron was used.  Battlefield Note: The kopis was a heavier sword with a forward-curving blade. Its shape made it especially effective in mounted warfare against infantry troops. Also a one-handed weapon, it averaged 3 feet in length, which made it roughly equal in size to the spatha, another Greek straight sword. The kopis is often compared to the shorter Nepalese kukri and the Iberian falcata. Because of its curvature, the kopis was often used to chop at an opponent’s weapon-bearing limb as soon as he moved into range.  A soldier in the higher ranks also carried a parazonian (Greek for “at the belt”). A short dagger that was regarded as a sign of prestige, it can be seen in Greek statuary.  The Armor  The hoplite’s defensive equipment included a bronze helmet (kranos), a pair of bronze shinguards (knimis) and a cuirass, a torso protector that was made of bronze or even layers of linen glued together.  The other parts of the warrior’s body were presumed to be protected by the aforementioned shield, so much so that additional armor was deemed unnecessary.  The Training  The ancient Greeks determined that the skills one learns from dance could serve a practical purpose in single combat, when nimble feet often meant the difference between dodging a spear and being impaled by it. Thus, war dances, collectively called pyrrhic, were emphasized in the soldier’s training. Similarly, various armed exercises were often accompanied by music from a lyre or flute.  Historical Notes: Plato once said, “The best dancer is the best warrior.” And in Homer’s Iliad, the Trojan prince Hector tells the hero Ajax that he’s not frightened by him because he knows the steps of the “deadly dance of Ares,” the god of war.  The changes in military tactics and in the education of youth instituted in the fourth century B.C. had a major effect on the development of armed combat as a sport in ancient Greece. Those who trained as athletes and made a name for themselves in the palaestra (school) were often best-equipped to distinguish themselves in war. However, many citizens looked unfavorably on this type of contest, claiming it was a pointless practice because the use of phalanxes left little room for a hoplite to act independently. For this reason, sports derived from armed combat were not part of most pub- lic festivals.  However, sporting duels between armed — and heavily armored — athletes became popular in the Hellenistic period, when several Greek city-states started awarding prizes to participants. Although the rules aren’t precisely known, scholars believe that the matches were meant to showcase expertise in hand-to-hand weaponry, flexibility and physical stamina.  The Iliad describes one such contest that was intended to inflict wounds. In the matchup, Ajax and Diomedes collided three times, with both failing to find their mark.  During the next attack, however, the weapon of Diomedes nearly pierced the throat of his opponent. Fearing fatal consequences, the spectators intervened, calling for an immediate stoppage.  The Tradition  It’s clear that the arms and armor of ancient Greece, along with the proven combat tactics and training methodologies described here, combined to forge battle-ready warriors who possessed fearsome skills and indomitable spirits.  For these fighters, there could be no retreat and no surrender. The qualities on which they relied are perhaps best summed up in a message a Spartan mother gave her son as he went off to war: “E tan e epi tan.”  Return with your shield victorious ... or carried home dead upon it.  Jim Arvanitis is a Black Belt Hall of Famer and pankration instructor. Known as the “father of modern pankra-ion,” he’s spent his life rebuilding and modernizing the ancient combat system of his ancestors. The author wishes to thank Chris Pangalos and John Thomkins for their assistance with this article. Pangalos is founder of The Warriors of Greece, a living-history re-enactment group, and Thomkins is his assistant. For more information, visit thewarriorsofgreece.com .

Execute the spinning back kick properly, and it will generate more power than virtually any other leg technique in the martial arts. However, the kick, which is called ushiro geri in Japanese, is seldom seen in karate, taekwondo or MMA competition. And when it is tried, it rarely has a significant impact.  It’s my contention that failure usually results from one or more of seven problems. All of them are outlined — and corrected — in this article. Here are 7 Reasons Your Spinning Back Kick Isn’t Working. PROBLEM: YOUR STANCE IS TOO NARROW  No matter your martial art, your stance is functional only if, at any given moment, it enables you to execute an attack, counterattack, defense, lateral movement or interception without requiring any last-minute adjustments. Of course, this also applies to the spinning back kick. The problem stems from the fact that many martial artists are never taught that the first part of the body that must be moved is the tool that will make contact.  For the spinning back kick, that tool is the heel. Failing to move your heel first can force you to execute the kick from a stance that’s too narrow. That will leave you with a kick that feels slow, uncomfortable and powerless. Even worse, any attack you attempt from a narrow stance is easy for your opponent to detect and then intercept or counter. All of this means that if you try to throw an ushiro geri with your heels aligned, you’ll put yourself in danger.  SOLUTION: Although the optimal stance varies according to the individual, a general guideline is to assume a posture in which your feet are shoulder-width apart. Your feet should be parallel and angled slightly off your centerline. Your weight is evenly distributed on both legs, with your front toes aligned with your back heel.  PROBLEM: YOU’RE TELEGRAPHING  Moving your front foot in a way that reveals your intentions is a common problem with all kicks, not just the ushiro geri. How many times have we seen it precede even the simplest of leg techniques, the low front kick? A martial artist will lift his front foot prematurely or move it forward or outward in a manner that betrays the coming technique. The good news is, once you take pains to elimi- nate telegraphing from your spinning back kick, you’ll be well on your way to improving all your other kicks, too.  For the ushiro geri, a narrow stance doesn’t provide a level of comfort and confidence. That’s why most karate and taekwondo athletes and MMA fighters wind up moving their front foot inward before they kick, and they don’t stop until their front foot and back foot are parallel, almost in a horse stance. This is unnecessary. As I men- tioned, it will telegraph your intentions to any opponent who’s skilled enough to read them. He can then time your movement and punch you in the ribs or back before you initiate the kick.  SOLUTION: In the dojo, practice your spinning back kick without adjusting your feet. You may find that daunting at first, but it is possible. Once you have it down, you’ll find that eliminating any unnecessary movements has made your kick faster all around.  PROBLEM: YOU’RE AT THE WRONG DISTANCE  Failing to properly gauge kicking distance is a frequent problem in the striking arts. It often crops up when stu- dents don’t develop their technical base sufficiently. To compensate, they will often wait for the right distance to happen. They don’t know how to make it happen if their opponent is too close or too far. Yes, sometimes the opportunity does present itself — perhaps your opponent is tired or relatively unskilled — but more often than not, you have to make it.  SOLUTION: To create the right distance, you need to start in the dojo, not in the ring. In training, experiment with closing the gap while executing a jab. On the other hand, if your starting position is too close, experiment with pushing your opponent away or quickly jumping backward. If the angle isn’t right to effect a spinning back kick, make a quick lateral move and then immediately unleash the kick.  PROBLEM: YOUR TIMING IS OFF  When a boxer’s timing is off, he or she is said to have “ring rust.” When your timing is off, you don’t need a cute name to know it because you’ll find out in an instant — when you miss your target if you’re on the offensive or when you’re hit if you’re playing defense. With the spinning back kick, you’re likely to find yourself getting jammed or perhaps kicking where your opponent used to be standing.  SOLUTION: Kicking at precisely the right moment is not something you can learn from a teacher. Furthermore, you can’t develop the ability by practicing your techniques at reduced speed or intensity. You need to use a methodology called “situational training.”  This scenario-driven approach involves having you and your training partner execute your techniques at maximum speed and intensity. You use a variety of predetermined attacks and defenses that are as realistic as you can make them for the scenario for which you’re pre- paring. Don’t execute them rapid-fire; take your time and do each one at 100 percent only when the circumstances are favorable.  Note that this drill should not be part of your everyday training. Do it occasionally. Increase the frequency as you near a competition in which your timing needs to be spot on.  PROBLEM: YOU’RE NOT KEEPING YOUR UPPER BODY VERTICAL  After you execute the ushiro geri and your leg is fully extended, you may find that you lose balance. Then you’re more likely to be countered (because your balance is so bad that you can’t stop or avoid your opponent’s counterattack) and you can’t execute a follow-up to your kick, if one is needed.  SOLUTION : Remember that your leg should be fully extended not when you make contact with your oppo- nent’s body but when, post-contact, you’ve assumed a balanced position that permits the execution of a defensive technique. The only way to do that is to keep your upper body vertical as long as possible.  If you’re having a hard time understanding how to maintain a vertical orientation while you rotate for the kick, watch a ballet dancer spin. The dancer will keep his or her torso perpendicular to the floor at all times. If you do the same thing until the moment you start to extend your leg, you’ll create the optimal conditions for a perfect spinning back kick, one that will leave you in a functional fighting stance afterward.  PROBLEM: YOU’RE ROTATING YOUR HEAD AND BODY AT THE SAME SPEED  Martial artists frequently are unable to figure out why they can’t land their heel on the exact spot they’re targeting with their spinning back kick. But as soon as an experienced instructor takes a look, the reason becomes obvious: During the spin, they’re rotating their head and upper body at the same speed. When they do that, at the moment they release the leg, their eyes are angled 30 degrees to 45 degrees away from the target. This leads to a serious problem: They’re forced to use their peripheral vision, which may or may not work. The human brain would much rather acquire targets using the center of the visual field.  SOLUTION: It’s better to rotate your head faster than your torso. There are two good strategies for making this second nature. The first is to practice your spinning back kick in front of a mirror. Release each kick only after you’ve made eye contact with your reflection. The second strategy is to practice your ushiro geri with a partner. Release your kick — you guessed it — only after you’ve made eye contact with him or her.  In both practice methods, turn your head quickly and forcefully. When you can turn your head faster than your body, which means you’re able to acquire your tar- get in the center of your visual field, you’ll be less likely to miss.  PROBLEM: YOUR KNEE POSITION IS INCORRECT  Some instructors insist that the knee of the kicking leg stay close to the knee of the support leg when perform- ing the ushiro geri. That makes sense if your opponent’s groin is the target or if the opponent is relatively unskilled. But if you wish to attack the rib cage or abdomen and you keep your moving knee close to your stationary knee until you unleash the kick, it’s fairly easy for your adversary to defend against. All he or she needs to do is increase the distance slightly or insert an obstacle, such as a raised knee, in front of your foot.  SOLUTION: To execute a spinning back kick that will penetrate your opponent’s defenses, make sure you raise your shin while you rotate. Your goal is to orient it parallel to the ground so you can fire your foot straight into the other person’s abdomen. Ushiro geri is supposed to be a horizontally penetrating kick, not an upward-moving kick. When done the right way, it’s very difficult to block with a raised knee or to avoid by changing distance. Furthermore, penetrating kicks have a longer range than do kicks with an upward trajectory.  PROGNOSIS POSITIVE The spinning back kick is underused in sparring and competition not because martial artists simply decide to use other kicks. And it’s certainly not underused because it lacks effectiveness. In reality, the ushiro geri is rarely used and rarely effective because the average martial art- ist doesn’t have confidence in it. That lack of confidence usually stems from never having been instructed in the finer points of this complex kick.  Like all martial arts techniques, however, the spinning back kick benefits from practice. Once you’ve polished your skills as described above, it will become a lethal technique in your arsenal, one that’s as useful in competition as it is in self-defense.  Goran Lozo started training in shotokan karate in 1979. He was a member of the Yugoslav national team from 1993 to 1997, during which time he competed in four Euro- pean and two world championships. Currently a seventh- degree black belt, he tested for his third, fourth and fifth degrees under Hidetaka Nishiyama.

Explosive Middleweight Battle and TUF 32 Finals Headline UFC APEX Action. Before the UFC gears up for its four-month sprint to the finish line starting in September, the final event of August is set to deliver fireworks at the UFC APEX this Saturday - UFC Fight Night: Cannonier vs Borralho Main Event Spotlight: Jared Cannonier vs Caio Borralho The main event promises to be a thrilling middleweight clash between veteran contender Jared Cannonier and rising star Caio Borralho. Cannonier, looking to bounce back from a recent setback, is eager to prove he still has what it takes to dominate the division. Meanwhile, Borralho, who has been on a hot streak, is ready to take down a former title challenger and solidify his place among the elite. Co-Main Event: Angela Hill vs Tabatha Ricci In the co-main event, seasoned strawweight Angela Hill faces off against Brazilian grappler Tabatha Ricci. With Hill riding a two-fight win streak and Ricci eager to break into the Top 10, this bout is sure to be a test of experience versus youthful energy. TUF 32 Middleweight Finale: Ryan Loder vs Robert Valentin The Ultimate Fighter Season 32 culminates in a showdown between Team Grasso’s Robert Valentin and Ryan Loder. Both fighters have shown incredible skill throughout the competition, but only one will emerge as the new TUF middleweight champion. Must-Watch Fights on the Main Card Neil Magny vs Michael Morales : Can veteran Magny hand rising star Morales his first career loss, or will the young prospect continue his undefeated streak? Edmen Shahbazyan vs Gerald Meerschaert : Shahbazyan seeks to regain his momentum, but Meerschaert’s grappling expertise could spell trouble for the young fighter. Preliminary Card Highlights The prelims are packed with talent, including a featherweight clash between Danny Silva and Dennis Buzukja, a middleweight bout between Zachary Reese and Jose Daniel Medina, and a women's bantamweight showdown featuring Jacqueline Cavalcanti and Josiane Nunes. Don’t Miss Out! Catch all the action live from the UFC APEX in Las Vegas on August 24, 2024. Prelims kick off at 7pm ET/4pm PT, with the main card airing live on ESPN & ESPN+ at 10pm ET/7pm PT. This is a night of fights you won’t want to miss! Here is the Full Card Main Event: Jared Cannonier vs Caio Borralho Where to Watch: ESPN / ESPN+ Other Main Card Matches: Angela Hill vs Tabatha Ricci TUF 32 Middleweight Finale: Ryan Loder vs Robert Valentin Neil Magny vs Michael Morales Edmen Shahbazyan vs Gerald Meerschaert Prelim Matches: Danny Silva vs Dennis Buzukja Zachary Reese vs Jose Daniel Medina Viacheslav Borshchev vs James Llontop Jacqueline Cavalcanti vs Josiane Nunes Wang Cong vs Victoria Leonardo

ONE Championship star Kade Ruotolo picked up a $1 million prize by winning the Craig Jones Invitational on August 17. Both Kade and Tye Ruotolo competed in the under 80kg division. The ONE Lightweight Submission Grappling World Champion would win three matches to get to the final, where he took home a decision to win the tournament title. On Friday, August 16, Ruotolo got started with a kneebar submission against Jason Nolf. He followed that up with a decision win over familiar foe Tommy Langaker. The BJJ wizard returned on Saturday for his match against Andrew Tackett, which he won by decision. The win put Ruotolo in the final for a chance at the million-dollar prize. Levi Jones-Leary would come out on the other side of the bracket, defeating Tye in the process. The win over his twin gave Kade extra motivation beyond the paycheck for the final. The final match went the distance, a full five rounds. An early triangle attempt by the ONE Championship star proved to be the closest either man would get to a finish. Ruotolo’s submission attempt and constant aggression were enough to net the win. But the work is not over for Ruotolo, who must now turn his attention to defending the ONE Lightweight Submission Grappling World Title at ONE 168: Denver  on Friday, September 6. Ruotolo will try to grab pound-for-pound glory when he defends the title against ONE Flyweight Submission Grappling World Champion Mikey Musumiec in a BJJ supferfight. It is a must-see grappling encounter that is sure to captivate. After the Craig Jones Invitational, Ruotolo will walk down the ONE aisle as confident as ever. ONE 168: Denver airs live on Prime Video on Friday, September 6, from the Ball Arena at 8 p.m. ET/5 p.m. PT. Remaining tickets are available via Ticketmaster .

Martial arts have captivated the human spirit for centuries, offering not only a means of self-defense but also a path to discipline, fitness, and mental fortitude. While many martial arts focus on harmony and self-improvement, some styles were born out of necessity—crafted on battlefields, in hostile environments, and during times of war. These deadly martial arts are more than just combat sports; they are survival techniques, honed through generations to ensure victory in life-or-death situations. In this article, we delve into the top 10 deadliest martial arts in the world, exploring their origins, techniques, and the legendary fighters who have mastered them. 1] Krav Maga Origin:  Israel History:  Krav Maga was developed by Imi Lichtenfeld, a Hungarian-born martial artist, during the 1930s in response to the rising anti-Semitic violence in Europe. After relocating to Israel, Lichtenfeld began training soldiers in the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF), crafting a martial art that combined the most effective elements of boxing, wrestling, judo, and street fighting. Krav Maga was designed to be easily learned, brutally effective, and practical in real-life combat situations, with a focus on neutralizing threats as quickly as possible. Prominent Practitioners:  While Krav Maga remains the official self-defense system of the IDF, it has gained popularity among law enforcement agencies and civilians worldwide. Hollywood stars like Jason Statham, Jennifer Lopez, and Tom Cruise have trained in Krav Maga for its intense, efficient approach to combat. Techniques:  Krav Maga emphasizes aggressive, offensive maneuvers aimed at incapacitating an opponent. It teaches practitioners to strike vulnerable areas, such as the eyes, throat, and groin, while also incorporating techniques to disarm attackers, defend against multiple opponents, and use everyday objects as weapons. Training often includes scenarios that simulate real-world violence, preparing practitioners for unpredictable and dangerous situations. 2] Muay Thai Origin:  Thailand History:  Muay Thai, known as the "Art of Eight Limbs," is Thailand's national sport and has a history that dates back to the 16th century. It was originally developed for soldiers on the battlefield, where they would use their entire bodies as weapons. Over time, Muay Thai evolved from a deadly martial art into a competitive sport with codified rules, but it retains its brutal efficiency and effectiveness. Prominent Practitioners:  Buakaw Banchamek, a two-time K-1 World MAX Champion, is one of the most famous Muay Thai fighters. His explosive power and technical precision have helped popularize Muay Thai globally. In mixed martial arts, fighters like Anderson Silva and Jose Aldo have utilized Muay Thai's striking techniques to dominate their opponents. Techniques:  Muay Thai utilizes punches, kicks, elbows, and knee strikes, allowing fighters to deliver powerful blows from multiple angles. The art also includes clinch fighting, where practitioners control their opponent's posture and position to deliver devastating knee strikes and throws. Muay Thai training is renowned for its intensity, with practitioners toughening their bodies to withstand and deliver powerful strikes. 3] Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Origin:  Brazil History:  Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (BJJ) was developed in the early 20th century by the Gracie family, who adapted traditional Japanese jiu-jitsu and judo techniques to create a martial art that focuses on ground fighting and submissions. Helio Gracie, one of the key figures in BJJ's development, emphasized leverage and technique over strength, making it possible for a smaller person to defeat a larger opponent. Prominent Practitioners:  The Gracie family, particularly Helio Gracie and his sons, are synonymous with Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu. Royce Gracie famously demonstrated the effectiveness of BJJ in the early UFC events, where he defeated much larger opponents using submission techniques. Today, BJJ is a fundamental component of mixed martial arts, with fighters like Demian Maia and Charles Oliveira using their grappling skills to achieve success in the octagon. Techniques:  Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu revolves around taking an opponent to the ground, controlling their movements, and applying submission holds such as joint locks and chokeholds. The focus on technique and leverage allows practitioners to subdue opponents without relying on brute strength. BJJ also emphasizes positional dominance, where practitioners work to improve their position on the ground before attempting a submission. 4] Sambo Origin:  Soviet Union History:  Sambo, an acronym for "Samozashchita Bez Oruzhiya" (self-defense without weapons), was developed in the Soviet Union in the 1920s. It was created by combining techniques from various martial arts, including judo, wrestling, and native Russian combat styles, to meet the needs of the Soviet military. Sambo was designed to be practical and effective in both armed and unarmed combat, making it a versatile and deadly martial art. Prominent Practitioners:  Fedor Emelianenko, often referred to as "The Last Emperor," is one of the most famous Sambo practitioners. His dominance in MMA, particularly in the heavyweight division, is a testament to Sambo's effectiveness. Other notable practitioners include Khabib Nurmagomedov, who utilized his Sambo background to remain undefeated in the UFC. Techniques:  Sambo is known for its dynamic throws, submissions, and ground control techniques. It combines the grappling and submission elements of judo with the striking techniques found in combat Sambo. In addition to throws and submissions, Sambo practitioners are trained in striking, making it a well-rounded martial art suitable for both sport and self-defense. 5] Lethwei Origin:  Myanmar History:  Lethwei, also known as Burmese bare-knuckle boxing, is one of the oldest and most brutal martial arts in the world, with origins dating back over a thousand years. It was traditionally practiced by Burmese warriors and used in combat to prepare for war. Unlike other striking martial arts, Lethwei allows the use of headbutts, making it even more dangerous than Muay Thai. Prominent Practitioners:  Dave Leduc, a Canadian fighter, has become a modern-day icon in Lethwei, holding the prestigious Golden Belt and bringing international attention to this ancient art. Tun Tun Min and Shwe Yar Mann are other notable Lethwei champions who have showcased the art's brutality and effectiveness. Techniques:  Lethwei utilizes punches, kicks, elbows, knees, and headbutts, often referred to as the "Art of Nine Limbs." Fights are traditionally fought without gloves, and the rules allow for knockouts, which are common due to the sheer force of the strikes. Lethwei also includes clinching and sweeping techniques, allowing fighters to control and throw their opponents to the ground. 6] Kung Fu Origin:  China History:  Kung Fu, or Wushu, is one of the oldest and most diverse martial arts in the world, with a history spanning over 4,000 years. It originated in China, where it was practiced by monks, soldiers, and civilians alike. Kung Fu is not a single martial art but rather a collection of styles and techniques, each with its own philosophy and training methods. Shaolin Kung Fu, Wing Chun, and Tai Chi are among the most well-known styles. Prominent Practitioners:  Bruce Lee is perhaps the most famous Kung Fu practitioner, known for his development of Jeet Kune Do and his impact on martial arts cinema. Jackie Chan and Jet Li have also brought Kung Fu to global audiences through their films, showcasing the art's beauty, versatility, and effectiveness. Techniques:  Kung Fu techniques vary widely depending on the style, but they generally include strikes, kicks, joint locks, and throws. Some styles emphasize hard, external training, focusing on powerful strikes and physical conditioning, while others, like Tai Chi, emphasize soft, internal training, focusing on balance, flexibility, and energy flow. Weapons training is also a significant component of many Kung Fu styles, with practitioners learning to use swords, staffs, and other traditional Chinese weapons. 7] Silat Origin:  Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines) History:  Silat is a collective term for various martial arts styles indigenous to Southeast Asia, particularly in Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines. Each region has developed its own unique version of Silat, influenced by local culture, geography, and warfare. Silat has been practiced for centuries, often as a means of self-defense against invaders and rival tribes. It is deeply intertwined with the spiritual and cultural traditions of Southeast Asia. Prominent Practitioners:  Iko Uwais, star of "The Raid" films, is a prominent practitioner of Pencak Silat, a popular style from Indonesia. Silat is also practiced by elite military units in the region, including the Malaysian PASKAL and the Indonesian Kopassus. Techniques:  Silat is known for its fluid, deceptive movements, which are designed to exploit an opponent's weaknesses. It emphasizes striking, joint manipulation, and the use of weapons, such as knives, sticks, and machetes. Silat practitioners are trained to use their environment to their advantage, often incorporating elements of stealth and surprise in their techniques. The art also includes ground fighting and grappling, making it a comprehensive and adaptable martial art. 8] Kyokushin Karate Origin:  Japan History:  Kyokushin Karate was founded by Masutatsu Oyama in the 1960s with the aim of creating the most effective form of karate. Oyama, a Korean-Japanese martial artist, developed Kyokushin as a response to what he saw as the increasingly commercialized and ineffective state of traditional karate. He emphasized full-contact sparring and rigorous physical conditioning, believing that only through real combat could a martial artist truly test their skills. Prominent Practitioners:  Andy Hug, a Swiss martial artist, is one of the most famous Kyokushin fighters, known for his powerful kicks and incredible toughness. Francisco Filho, another Kyokushin champion, achieved success in both Kyokushin and K-1 kickboxing, showcasing the effectiveness of Kyokushin techniques in various combat sports. Techniques:  Kyokushin Karate focuses on powerful strikes, particularly kicks, delivered with precision and force. The art is known for its emphasis on body conditioning, where practitioners toughen their bodies through repetitive striking and blocking drills. Kyokushin also incorporates kata (forms) and kumite (sparring), with an emphasis on full-contact fighting. Practitioners are trained to endure pain and deliver knockout blows, making Kyokushin one of the most physically demanding and effective forms of karate. 9] Kapu Kuʻialua (Lua) Origin:  Hawaii History:  Lua is an ancient Hawaiian martial art that was traditionally reserved for royalty and elite warriors, known as the Koa. Lua was developed as a means of defending the Hawaiian islands from invaders and ensuring the survival of the Hawaiian people. The art combines brutal bone-breaking techniques, joint locks, and the use of traditional Hawaiian weapons, such as the leiomano (shark-tooth club) and the pahoa (dagger). Prominent Practitioners:  Lua has remained relatively obscure due to its secretive nature, but practitioners like Solomon Kaihewalu have worked to preserve and revive this ancient art. Kaihewalu, a master of Lua, has dedicated his life to teaching and promoting the art in Hawaii and beyond. Techniques:  Lua focuses on incapacitating an opponent as quickly as possible through bone-breaking techniques, joint locks, and strikes to vital areas. The art also includes grappling, throws, and the use of weapons, making it a comprehensive system of combat. Lua practitioners are trained to be ruthless and efficient, with the goal of ending a confrontation in seconds. 10] Ninjutsu Origin:  Japan History:  Ninjutsu, the martial art of the ninja, dates back to feudal Japan, where it was developed by samurai outcasts and peasants who needed to survive through espionage, guerrilla warfare, and assassination. Ninjutsu encompasses a wide range of skills, including hand-to-hand combat, weapons training, stealth, disguise, and survival techniques. The ninja were feared and revered for their ability to move unseen and strike without warning. Prominent Practitioners:  Masaaki Hatsumi is one of the most famous modern-day practitioners of Ninjutsu, having trained under Toshitsugu Takamatsu, the last known ninja master. Hatsumi is the founder of the Bujinkan organization, which teaches Ninjutsu to students around the world. Other notable practitioners include Stephen K. Hayes, who helped introduce Ninjutsu to the West in the 1970s. Techniques:  Ninjutsu is a versatile and comprehensive martial art that includes hand-to-hand combat techniques, such as strikes, kicks, joint locks, and throws. It also emphasizes the use of traditional ninja weapons, such as shuriken (throwing stars), kunai (dagger), and the katana (sword). Ninjutsu practitioners are trained in stealth, evasion, and survival skills, allowing them to operate in hostile environments and complete their missions undetected. The art's deadly nature lies in its unpredictability and adaptability, making it one of the most feared martial arts in history. The martial arts listed above represent some of the deadliest combat systems in the world, each with its own unique history, techniques, and practitioners. These arts were forged in the crucible of conflict, and their effectiveness in real-world situations is unquestionable. Whether you're a martial artist seeking to expand your knowledge or a combat sports enthusiast, understanding these deadly arts offers a glimpse into the raw power and discipline required to master them. While these arts are formidable, they also teach respect, discipline, and the importance of self-control—qualities that are just as vital as the techniques themselves.

From the time he entered his first competition —where he won both the black-belt sparring and the black- belt kata divisions — until he emerged as full-contact kickboxing heavyweight world champion, Joe Lewis was the most colorful personality in the martial arts.  A two-time Black Belt Hall of Famer, Lewis brought quickness and finesse into the ring, along with the power to unleash a knockout punch or kick from either side. During his competitive years, he was perhaps the most intimidating adversary any martial artist could have.  Then there was the other side of Lewis, one that was equally intriguing. He was a teacher, an innovator, a role model and a mentor. Those two very different facets are what made Joe Lewis such an influential force in American karate. Here is the Warrior Way of Joe Lewis. Motivation to Teach  Lewis observed that “only about 10 percent of the people in martial arts enjoy combat or any type of sparring.” That’s likely what motivated him to begin conveying his tactics and strategies to all who wanted to learn. He devised different ways to connect with those who claimed they couldn’t fight. He advised them to stay away from fancy moves and stick with practical applications related to their objectives. “You don’t have to be flashy,” Lewis would say. “You have to be fundamental.”  Because he was a fighter at heart, Lewis sought to teach others to unleash their inner warrior. He preached that warriors are never bound by useless or outdated moves; they have to be able to count on every technique they throw. And that’s exactly how he fought: He stuck with the basics, moves he’d polished through years of hard work. As such, he could step into the ring with complete trust in every technique he planned to use, and that’s the type of confidence he sought to instill in others.  Stances  Lewis disliked the word “stance.” He preferred to use the term “being grounded.” To him, that didn’t mean being stuck or rooted. It meant being in a combat posture that gave him the stability he needed to unload a power punch or kick.  His combat posture wasn’t a boxing stance, a karate stance, a kickboxing stance or a grappling stance. Rather, it was a position from which he could execute a lead-hand punch or lead-leg kick, as well as techniques using his rear-side limbs. The nuances of the perfect fighting posture, he said, depend on the person implementing it.  “It is a position that is uniquely yours,” Lewis explained. “Here, you develop that emotional demeanor, that kind of ambiance where you feel like [you’re] grounded and can unload an effective punch or kick. Defending [yourself] from here is no problem.”  Footwork and Movement  Two aspects of training that are often overlooked by modern warriors are footwork and movement. Lewis taught that they’re vital for shaping a strong defense and enabling you to “connect” with an opponent when you unleash a punch or kick. To maximize your effective- ness, he said, you should view footwork and movement as steppingstones to rhythm, broken rhythm, timing and interrupted motion.  Lewis was especially fond of using lateral footwork. He’d teach students to start in a fundamental combat position, firing off kicks and punches while stationary. Next, he’d direct them to execute the same moves with a rhythmic motion that might include advancing and retreating, moving from side to side or stepping forward at different angles. Of course, all movement needs to be fluid, he said.  Then Lewis would delve into target relocation: moving your head and/or body off the line of fire. Again, the emphasis was on staying relaxed and striving to be untouchable. He would have them add feints, fakes and strategic setups while in this “fluid state of consciousness.”  Hand Positions and Blocks  “Most schools spend 80 to 90 percent of their time teaching students to kick and punch and only about 10 percent of their time working on their defensive skills,” Lewis said. “I do not agree with this imbalance.”  Part of the remedy, he said, is to keep your hands high to protect your head and position your elbows in front of your rib cage. Lewis was just as adamant about his next point: When you punch or kick, try to have one hand touching your head so you can readily use it to intercept a head butt, an elbow or anything else that approaches. Either hand can serve that purpose, he said. If you happen to be a fighter who uses your lead hand to execute jabs, hooks, fakes and other probing maneuvers, he stipulated, you may have to use your shoulder to protect your chin.  Instead of conventional karate blocks, Lewis advocated the “pendulum block.” He’d teach the concept this way: Start with your lead hand at 12 o’clock and your elbow at the center of the imaginary clock’s face. Rotate that arm downward to 6 o’clock, placing your arm against your side. Your arm is now like a pendulum that can swing to block an incoming kick or punch, protecting your kidneys and floating ribs in the process.  You can execute the pendulum block while moving backward, Lewis said. Its effectiveness will be enhanced by rolling your elbow, and your groin can be protected by your hip.  Hand Techniques  “Boxing-type punches like the jab, hook, cross, uppercut and overhand are the most natural, practical and fluid,” Lewis explained. He said his favorite was the lead-hand hook, which he often elected to launch into his foe’s body because most people forget to practice defense against low-line punches.  On occasion, Lewis would teach students to double up on the hook. He’d have them throw a jab and follow up with a pair of fast hooks to the head or body. For versatility, he might tell them to add an elbow strike, spinning backfist or spinning bottom fist.  Leg Techniques  Lewis often said that his two favorite kicks were the lead- leg side kick and the cross-kick. He practiced the side kick regularly on the heavy bag, sometimes doubling up by kicking the bag, making it swing and nailing it again on the return. Not surprisingly, he advised students to engage in similar sessions.  The cross-kick Lewis did was a power roundhouse thrown with the rear leg. The way he taught it didn’t entail kicking and then stopping to retract the leg. You just throw the kick, hit the target and continue the movement for a 360-degree pivot, which puts you back in your original position. One of his rules for doing the cross-kick: Ensure that the arm you’re using to protect your kicking side is ready to do a pendulum block in case of a counter.  Lewis also favored a number of karate kicks, including the spinning back kick and ax kick. He liked to do double- and triple-kick combinations to keep his opponent off-balance, dissuade him from closing the gap and set him up for one of his faves: a rear-leg power kick. “The speed kicker may give you some problems, but the power kicker is the one who will scare you the most,” he said. “That’s why I believe in power kicking primarily.”  Defensive Tactics  “To reach your potential in the fight game, you must use your mind as the supreme weapon that it is,” Lewis said. “You must understand how to keep your opponent from getting into his set position. This is what we call ‘set-point control.’” He explained that doing this involves cultivating the ability to change the speed or direction of a technique to break your adversary’s rhythm. “This is what we call ‘broken rhythm,’” he said. “It makes no sense to square off with your opponent and walk in and just start banging away while putting yourself at a disadvantage when you can use your opponent’s body language to tell what he’s going to do and when he’s going to do it.”  Lewis taught that there are two ways to break your opponent’s rhythm: One is physical and one is psychological. But before you can disrupt someone else’s rhythm in a fight, he said, you need to understand how people implement rhythm and how it can be controlled.  “You have to learn how to read people,” he said. “The way they walk, sit, talk, breathe or move their hands will tell you lots of things. You can watch which part of a person’s body controls the rest of their body. Some people’s mind kind of wanders as their body passively follows. Others send off signals of a strong mental intensity, where they are looking way ahead while carefully guiding their body.”    You can begin to get a reading on your opponents’ rhythm just by watching them don their safety equipment before a match, he explained. “If their movements are sudden and jerky, they have a fast rhythm. If they move slow and casually, they have a slower rhythm. The person whose lips are pressed together and forehead is tensed up has a fast rhythm, whereas the person whose muscles around the cheekbones are relaxed has a much slower rhythm.”  Anyone who was fortunate to see Joe Lewis in action would notice that he always studied his opponent’s movements and mannerisms: how the person exited a car and walked into the arena, how he did his stretches and warm-ups, how he entered the ring. If Lewis saw an adversary casually drop his right shoulder and arm while walking, he’d stay alert for the habit to manifest in the ring. If it did, he’d have his left hook ready.  Setups “As you square off against your opponent, you can set him up by doing this,” Lewis said when explain- ing broken rhythm. “When you trigger your initial move, make your techniques very explosive, fast and hard. Try that a couple of times [to] get him used to that type of trigger squeeze. Then, all of a sudden, the next time you squeeze the trigger, your move- ment is more relaxed [and] casual, allowing you to catch [him] totally off-guard.  “You also can do the reverse of this. Try a couple of yin- type approaches with soft, low-keyed, casual probes toward your opponent, moving your hands. You softly calm him down as you go toward his perimeter and pull out. You do this a couple of times, playing a little cat-and-mouse game, then in the middle of your movement, you change the essence by going from yin to yang.”  Such was the way Lewis taught the “speed change- up,” one of his favorite examples of broken rhythm. Lewis advocated using another entrapment that involves changing your speed and direction. “You probe in and out a couple of times and get your opponent used to seeing you coming up near the firing line and pulling out,” he said. “You begin to taunt, tease or lure your opponent into the entrap- ment, where they try to snap back and throw some counters at you. Then you probe in once more, but this time, you stop short of the firing line — his defensive perimeter. You leave your feet right where they are and rock your upper body backward like you’re going back to your starting position.  All of a sudden, you rock forward and explode with a punch or kick. So you have a sudden change in direction, a sudden change in speed and a sudden change in essence.”  Also of value are tactics that use inner rhythm, he said. “You can square off with your opponent and set a very fast inner tempo where you appear fast, aggressive, even a bit ferocious. All of a sudden, you generate a more passive type of inner rhythm, where you look very apologetic and yielding — like your opponent can run right over you. You’re just playing possum, drawing [him] into the entrapment. Then you switch gears again and hit him.”  Clearly, Joe Lewis wasn’t just a physical fighter; he was also an intelligent fighter. Fortunately for all of us, this wise warrior was more than willing to share his training and fighting secrets in an effort to enable others to follow in his footsteps.  Floyd Burk is a San Diego–based 10th-degree black belt with half a century of experience in the arts. To contact him, visit the Independent Karate Schools of America website at iksa.com .

Christophe Massina's career with the French Judo Federation is nothing short of legendary. With 20 years dedicated to the sport, Massina has been a pivotal force behind some of the most memorable moments in French judo history. His journey as a coach began in 2004 when he took charge of the French U23 women's team, laying the groundwork for a career that would see him ascend to the pinnacle of judo coaching. Massina first stepped onto the Olympic stage as part of the coaching team at Athens 2004. However, it was after the London 2012 Olympics that his role truly evolved. After working with the women's elite team for four years, he transitioned to coaching the elite men's team following the Rio 2016 Olympics. His leadership was crucial in shaping the French judo teams that competed at the highest level. In March 2022, Massina was appointed head coach of the elite women's team, a role that saw him lead the French national team to yet another historic achievement at the Paris 2024 Olympics. Under his guidance, the team clinched their second consecutive Olympic gold in the mixed team event, once again defeating the powerhouse Japanese team. Reflecting on this victory, Massina said, "We have finished with a team gold and so many great emotions. This is a great medal to win again against the Japanese team." Throughout his coaching career, Massina played a key role in some of the most significant achievements in French judo. He was the mastermind behind Emilie Andéol's Olympic gold at Rio 2016 and was a crucial figure in the national team’s mixed team triumph at Tokyo 2020. The victory at Paris 2024, however, marks a fitting capstone to his illustrious career. Despite his promising junior career as an athlete, Massina didn't achieve the same level of success in senior individual competitions. However, his contributions to the French men's judo team, which won European and World Championship medals in team events, paved the way for his successful transition into coaching. His career as a coach is a testament to his ability to inspire and lead, bringing countless victories to the French judo teams over the years. Massina's strategic brilliance was on full display during the Paris 2024 mixed team final. After a three-year Olympic cycle, he rallied his team with the belief that they could once again defeat their rivals. In a dramatic turn of events, Joan Gaba's victory over Hifumi Abe and Clarisse Agbegnenou’s clutch win brought the team level, setting the stage for their ultimate victory. Massina’s foresight in identifying Agbegnenou as the "finish girl" was a masterstroke, echoing her decisive performance in Tokyo. As Massina steps away from his role with the French national team, he does so with a sense of fulfillment. "I stop my career with this! I’m happy to move on, I’m complete thanks to them and this," he remarked, signaling the end of an era. While his future plans remain uncertain, Massina leaves behind a legacy of excellence and unforgettable memories in the world of judo. His impact on the sport will be felt for years to come.

Martial arts have long been revered not just as forms of combat but as profound disciplines that foster personal growth, mental fortitude, and spiritual balance. Rooted in centuries-old traditions, these arts have evolved into diverse practices that attract millions worldwide. But what truly defines the essence of martial arts? Is it the skillful execution of techniques, the mental clarity achieved through years of practice, or the discipline that permeates every aspect of a practitioner's life? This article delves into the heart of martial arts, tracing their historical roots, examining the different styles, and understanding how these ancient practices have grown and adapted through the ages. A Historical Overview: The Origins of Martial Arts Martial arts trace their origins back to ancient civilizations, where they were primarily developed for self-defense, military training, and spiritual development. The earliest records of martial arts date back to ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia, where depictions of hand-to-hand combat can be found on temple walls. However, it was in Asia that martial arts truly flourished, developing into the structured and philosophical disciplines we recognize today. China:  The birthplace of many martial arts, China has a rich history of martial traditions. Kung Fu, one of the most famous Chinese martial arts, is believed to have originated over 4,000 years ago. It was initially practiced by monks for physical fitness and self-defense, later evolving into a spiritual discipline that emphasized harmony between the body, mind, and spirit. Japan:  Japan's martial arts are deeply intertwined with its samurai culture. Arts like Jujutsu, Kenjutsu, and later Judo and Karate, were developed as methods of self-defense and combat for the samurai. Over time, these arts evolved from deadly battlefield techniques to systems that emphasized discipline, respect, and self-improvement. India:  India is often credited with being the birthplace of martial arts, particularly with the ancient art of Kalaripayattu. This ancient practice is not only one of the oldest martial arts in the world but also a precursor to many Asian martial arts. It combines strikes, kicks, grappling, and weaponry, along with a strong emphasis on mental and spiritual development. The Evolution and Growth of Martial Arts As martial arts spread across the globe, they evolved, adapting to the cultural contexts in which they were practiced. In the 20th century, martial arts experienced a global boom, largely due to the influence of cinema and the efforts of martial artists who sought to share their arts with the world. The Influence of Cinema:  The global popularity of martial arts can be attributed in part to the influence of martial arts films. Icons like Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan, and Jet Li brought martial arts to the silver screen, showcasing the beauty and power of these disciplines to a worldwide audience. This exposure not only popularized martial arts but also led to the creation of new styles and hybrid systems that blended traditional techniques with modern practices. Mixed Martial Arts (MMA):  In recent decades, the rise of MMA has revolutionized the martial arts world. MMA combines techniques from various martial arts, including Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, Muay Thai, Boxing, and Wrestling, creating a versatile and highly effective combat sport. MMA's popularity has led to a renewed interest in traditional martial arts, as practitioners seek to master different styles to compete in this demanding arena. Globalization and Modernization:  Today, martial arts are practiced worldwide, with millions of practitioners training in dojos, gyms, and schools. The traditional arts have also adapted to modern needs, with many focusing on fitness, self-defense, and personal development rather than combat. The spread of martial arts has also led to the fusion of different styles, resulting in new disciplines that blend techniques from various traditions. The Uniqueness of Different Martial Arts Each martial art is unique, shaped by the culture and philosophy of its origin. Here are a few examples that highlight the diversity of martial arts: Karate (Japan):  Karate emphasizes striking techniques, including punches, kicks, and open-hand strikes. It is known for its focus on discipline, respect, and the development of a strong spirit. Karate practitioners undergo rigorous training to perfect their techniques and mental fortitude. Taekwondo (Korea):  Taekwondo is characterized by its high, fast kicks and jumping and spinning kicks. It is not only a physical discipline but also a sport that emphasizes the development of a strong moral character, including respect, perseverance, and integrity. Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu (Brazil):  Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu focuses on ground fighting and submission holds, making it highly effective in self-defense situations. It emphasizes technique and leverage, allowing a smaller, weaker person to defend against a larger opponent. BJJ is unique in its emphasis on strategy and problem-solving. Muay Thai (Thailand):  Known as the "Art of Eight Limbs," Muay Thai uses punches, kicks, elbows, and knees. It is a full-contact sport that requires tremendous physical conditioning and mental toughness. Muay Thai is unique in its emphasis on close-range combat and its effectiveness in striking. The true essence of martial arts lies in their ability to transcend mere combat. While each martial art has its own techniques and philosophies, they all share a common goal: the development of the individual. Whether it is through the discipline of Karate, the strategic thinking of Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu, or the physical conditioning of Muay Thai, martial arts offer a path to self-improvement, mental clarity, and spiritual growth. In a world where physical confrontations are rare, the value of martial arts extends beyond self-defense. They offer a way to connect with ancient traditions, to build a strong and resilient character, and to find balance in a chaotic world. As martial arts continue to evolve and adapt, their timeless essence remains the same: the pursuit of excellence, both physically and mentally.