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When violence erupts, decisions must often be made in seconds. Yet lawful and ethical use of force does not depend on emotion or fear—it depends on the presence of specific conditions. Understanding how capability, intent, and immediacy intersect is essential for martial artists, professionals, and anyone serious about responsible self-protection. If you are a martial artist, a police officer, a security professional, or simply someone concerned with protecting yourself and your family, there may come a moment when events turn serious very quickly. Training, preparation, and mindset exist for that violent possibility. In those moments, decisions must be made under pressure, with incomplete information and very little time. For those who carry responsibility—whether through profession, training, or circumstance—the question is not simply whether force can be used, but when it is truly justified. Understanding that distinction is one of the most important aspects of responsible self-protection. “Force is not justified by fear. It is justified by facts.” We live in a time when almost every serious incident involving violence is instantly transformed into a story. Headlines, social media commentary, and political rhetoric compete to define events before facts are fully known. In this environment, emotional reactions often replace disciplined analysis, and outrage frequently overwhelms understanding. Recognizing Threat vs. Feeling Threatened Yet across legal systems, professional standards, and international frameworks, the lawful use of force—particularly lethal force—rests on a far more demanding foundation. Whether viewed through common law, civil law, United Nations guidelines, or modern policing doctrine, the same principle emerges: deadly force is justified only when specific, observable conditions are present. These conditions are commonly understood as means, intent, and delivery system . If one of these elements is missing, the justification for lethal force becomes fragile. If more than one is absent, it often collapses entirely. The professional obligation is not to feel threatened, but to recognize threat accurately. Actions taken under pressure must reflect disciplined assessment rather than emotional reaction. Under United States Supreme Court precedent, deadly force is considered reasonable only when, at the moment it is used, an officer can reasonably believe that a subject poses a significant threat of death or serious physical injury. This belief must be based on an objective assessment of what the individual can do, intends to do, and is capable of doing immediately. This standard originates in Tennessee v. Garner and was refined through Graham v. Connor. Similar principles appear in other jurisdictions under different language, but with the same underlying logic. At the foundation of this framework is the concept of means, or capability . The first question is straightforward: does this person possess the ability to cause death or grievous bodily harm? This may involve firearms, knives, impact weapons, improvised tools, physical disparities in size or strength, numerical advantage, or environmental factors. A weapon is not limited to what is held in the hand. It includes anything that can reasonably be used to produce lethal effect. Capability establishes possibility, not danger. Many people possess the means to cause harm and never use them. The second condition is intent . Intent concerns whether an individual is demonstrating a willingness to use their capability against others. It is revealed through behavior rather than attitude. Indicators may include verbal threats, target fixation, aggressive movement, escalation patterns, refusal to disengage, prior conduct, and situational context. Intent is not determined by emotion, appearance, or reputation. Someone may be angry without being dangerous. Someone may be calm and extremely dangerous. Professional assessment focuses on observable actions rather than assumptions or narratives. The third and most frequently misunderstood element is the delivery system , or immediacy. This refers to whether an individual can apply harmful force at that moment. Distance, positioning, access to weapons, speed, mobility, obstacles, terrain, and the defender’s own position all shape this assessment. A knife at thirty metres presents a fundamentally different threat than a knife at three metres. A firearm concealed in a waistband differs greatly from one held in a firing position. Capability combined with intent but lacking immediacy represents potential danger. Capability, intent, and immediacy together represent immediate threat. These three elements form what is often described as the lethal force triangle . Means, intent, and delivery system must align to create a justifiable lethal threat. When only capability is present, risk remains low. When capability and intent are present, risk is elevated. When all three are present simultaneously, lethal danger exists. Courts, investigators, and review boards consistently evaluate force through this structure, even when they employ different terminology. Importantly, these elements are not static. They shift continuously. Distance changes. Intent escalates or diminishes. Weapons appear or disappear. Barriers emerge and vanish. Situations evolve moment by moment. Force decisions are therefore judgments of moving circumstances, not frozen snapshots. This is why training, experience, and disciplined observation are indispensable. After any serious use-of-force incident, three questions inevitably arise: What did you see? What did you believe? Why was that belief reasonable? The framework of means, intent, and delivery provides structured, defensible answers. Statements grounded in specific observations carry far more credibility than generalized expressions of fear. Within the Reality Check philosophy, violence is understood as mechanical rather than emotional. Threat is evaluated through function, not feeling. Can this person cause serious harm? Do they appear willing to do so? Can they act immediately? These questions form the operational equation. A crucial aspect of this analysis is often overlooked: past actions and offenses do not, by themselves, justify lethal force. Individuals may commit crimes, behave aggressively, or act irresponsibly without presenting an immediate lethal threat. Force is justified by present conditions, not prior misconduct. The relevant question is not what someone did earlier, but what is happening now. Equally important is the issue of provocation and responsibility. When professionals unnecessarily escalate situations—through crowding, humiliation, aggressive posturing, poor communication, or the removal of reasonable alternatives—they increase the likelihood of violence. When danger is manufactured through avoidable choices, later claims of necessity become deeply problematic. One cannot create jeopardy and then rely on it for justification. In professional standards worldwide, this concept is often referred to as officer-created jeopardy or self-generated risk . In practical terms, it means individuals are accountable for decisions that make situations more dangerous rather than safer. Force is meant to be a last resort. It is not a shortcut, a punishment, or an escape from poor judgment. Reality Check emphasizes responsibility before reaction. Positioning, tone, timing, and restraint all shape outcomes. Once a situation is pushed beyond certain thresholds, control is lost and harm becomes more likely for everyone involved. Ultimately, lethal force is not about winning. It is about stopping an immediate, unlawful threat when no reasonable alternative remains. When means, intent, and delivery align, time compresses, options narrow, and responsibility becomes absolute. The professional obligation is to recognize that moment accurately—and only that moment. In a world increasingly driven by fear and rhetoric, disciplined evaluation remains the foundation of justice, safety, and trust. Force without fear is not weakness. It is professionalism. It is restraint. It is leadership. This framework forms part of the broader Reality Check approach to self-protection—an ongoing exploration of how martial artists and professionals can think clearly, act responsibly, and maintain discipline under pressure.

The Professional Fighters League (PFL) today announced a new multi-year partnership renewal with DAZN DACH, a regional division of DAZN in Central Europe home to Bundesliga and UEFA Champions League coverage, leading international football competitions across Europe’s top leagues, and a broad multi-sport offering including darts, tennis, golf, boxing, MMA and more.  The broadcast giant will now bring live coverage of PFL Global events alongside PFL MENA and PFL Africa tournaments to fans across Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein and Luxembourg. The partnership began with PFL Chicago on 11 April headlined by elite Bantamweight athletes Sergio “The Phenom” Pettis and Mitch “Merciless” McKee, with the next upcoming broadcast set to be Thursday 16 April for PFL Belfast headlined by undefeated Irishman Darragh “The Moville Mauler” Kelly against New Zealand’s Jay Jay “"The Māori Kid" Wilson.  Fans in the Central European markets will have access to pre and post-fight shows, press conferences, weigh-ins, feature programming, highlights and more.    The PFL is home to some of the world’s most talented fighters, including PFL Lightweight World Champion  Usman Nurmagomedov , Women’s Featherweight World Champion  Cris Cyborg , undefeated women’s flyweight star  Dakota Ditcheva , and PFL Middleweight World Champion  Costello van Steenis , showcasing high level talent from all over the world.  As the PFL continues to grow worldwide, the organization remains committed to developing elite fighters from across the globe and expanding its international leagues. Through competitions such as PFL Global, PFL MENA, and PFL Africa, the league is building a global platform that showcases emerging talent while delivering premium MMA content to fans around the world.

As a martial artist, you spend a lot of time practicing techniques and strategies designed to help you avoid problems and protect yourself in the event of an assault. Thinking defensively is part of your daily routine. Do you also think defensively when it comes to the food you eat? You might choose specific foods to improve your strength, stamina, or performance, but what about practicing nutrition as a method of self-defense that not only improves your overall health and vitality but also helps ensure your safety and longevity? When you look at it from that perspective, healthy eating seems just as important as those 37 death strikes you learned last week. Having been part of the self-defense world for 20 years, I've seen plenty of unhealthy people on the mat—people who are dedicated to mastering their art but who abuse their bodies through poor food choices. I've known accomplished martial artists who struggle to shed pounds or, worse yet, are eating their way into an avoidable disease. The reality that a person could spend years learning to defend himself or herself only to be taken out by a food-related heart attack, combined with the disturbing obesity statistics plaguing our society, inspired me to go back to school in 2007 to learn more about nutrition. My aim was to help people empower themselves with defensive and strategic food choices. The connection between self-defense and healthy eating is unmistakable. Virtually all the core concepts I teach my self-defense students have direct corollaries in the nutrition world: awareness, safe distance, boundary setting, simple techniques, and so on. That's why I decided to combine the two fields into a program called Kung Food! Master the Art of Healthy Eating. Success doesn't hinge on following a diet or giving up your favorite foods. Rather, it stems from adopting a nutrition philosophy that encourages you to be proactive and consciously participate in your health by applying simple self-defense strategies when you shop and eat. Example: If you saw trouble on your side of the street, you'd cross to the other side to avoid it, right? The nutrition corollary would be to shop the outside aisles of the supermarket first—that's where you'll find most whole foods and natural products. If you fill your cart with healthy options, you'll be less likely to visit the inside aisles, where the less-nutritious, processed, and frozen foods lurk. Sometimes you have to set a strong boundary and say "No!" whether your goal is to avoid assault or avoid diabetes. Like studying a martial art, learning how to choose and prepare healthy food requires dedication and focus, and it can create a sense of balance and confidence in your life. However, it needs to be approached as a lifelong, sustainable practice. If you concentrate only on short-term goals—losing weight or bulking up for a specific event—and then go back to a more convenience-based or fast-food way of eating, you can do more damage than you think. You may have been able to pull that off when you were young, but not now. The solution entails making healthy eating a priority, just like your martial arts training. You need a framework in which to explore a variety of healthy options so you can figure out what works best for you. You need recipes to follow, as well as explanations of dietary theories and opportunities. Everything in Kung Food is optional, of course, but if you don't know what it feels like to eat vegetarian for a while, wouldn't you like to find out? What if it's awesome? The aim is to create new habits by adding nutritious choices that will improve your health and performance while "crowding out" the old foods and habits that are doing long-term harm. By no means is it about being perfect; it's about setting realistic goals. My philosophy is, if you can be safety-minded 70 percent of the time when choosing what to eat, you'll be way ahead of the game, even during the other 30 percent.

UFC ® announced that former UFC flyweight champion Demetrious Johnson will be inducted into the UFC Hall of Fame’s Modern Wing as a member of the Class of 2026. The 2026 UFC Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony will take place this summer. “Demetrious Johnson is the greatest flyweight of all-time,” said UFC President & CEO Dana White. “Demetrious was a great champion who had one of the most incredible careers in MMA, and his streak of 11 consecutive title defenses is one of the most remarkable records we’ve ever seen in professional sports. It will be an honor to induct him into the UFC Hall of Fame this summer.” Johnson will enter the UFC Hall of Fame as the 18 th  member of the Modern Wing. The Modern Era category includes athletes who turned pro on or after November 17, 2000, when the first UFC event under the unified rules of MMA was held. Other requirements include a minimum age of 35 or those who have been retired for one year or more. A veteran of 30 fights during his 14-year MMA career, Johnson compiled a record of 25-4,1 Draw (17-3,1 Draw – UFC / WEC), securing victories over former WEC bantamweight champion Miguel Torres , former RIZIN flyweight champion Kyoji Horiguchi , former UFC flyweight and bantamweight champion Henry Cejudo , and former Pancrase flyweight tournament winner Yuya Wakamatsu . After winning his first nine (9) amateur MMA fights with various promotions, Johnson made his professional debut on August 15, 2009, securing his first win via submission at King of the Cage: Thunderstruck . He would then join Alaska Fighting Championship  and win his next two fights before joining WEC ® .  Johnson made his WEC debut on the prelims of WEC ®  48: ALDO vs. FABER , which took place on April 24, 2010, at ARCO Arena in Sacramento, California. He would lose his debut to Brad Pickett via decision but bounce back to win his next four fights across WEC / UFC to earn his first title shot against then-champion Dominick Cruz. Johnson faced Cruz in the main event of UFC LIVE: CRUZ vs. JOHNSON , which took place on October 1, 2011, at Verizon Center in Washington, D.C. Cruz would retain his title by defeating Johnson via unanimous decision. After competing to a draw against Ian McCall in his next fight, Johnson would rebound in his rematch with McCall by defeating him via unanimous decision. With the win, Johnson advanced to face Joseph Benavidez in the UFC flyweight tournament finale at UFC 152.  UFC ®  152: JONES vs. BELFORT  took place on September 22, 2012, at Air Canada Centre in Toronto, Ontario. Johnson faced Benavidez in the co-main event, capturing the split decision victory and becoming the inaugural UFC flyweight champion. As UFC flyweight champion, Johnson would embark on a record-breaking winning streak, securing 11 consecutive victories and title defenses over the next four years, securing his place on the list of greatest MMA athletes in history.On August 4, 2018, Johnson would lose his first fight in five years via split decision to Henry Cejudo in the co-main event of UFC ® 227: DILLASHAW vs. GARBRANDT 2 . Following his loss, he would leave UFC and sign with ONE Championship, an MMA promotion based in Singapore. He would win five of his next six fights with ONE, capturing the flyweight world grand prix title and becoming the organization’s flyweight champion with one successful defense. He retired on May 5, 2023, and vacating the title after a successful defense.  Johnson enters the UFC Hall of Fame with an impressive resume that includes: UFC: Longest title reign in UFC flyweight history – 2,142 days (Second-longest in UFC history)  Longest consecutive fight winning streak in UFC flyweight history – 13 Most title fight wins in UFC flyweight history – 12 (Third-most in UFC history) Most top position time in UFC flyweight history – 1:05:52 Recorded 1 of 3 performances in UFC history with 100% takedown accuracy (min. 10 attempts) Highest significant strike accuracy percentage in UFC flyweight history – 57.2% Highest significant strike defense percentage in UFC flyweight history – 68.4%  Tied for second-most wins in UFC flyweight history – 13  Tied for second-most finished in UFC flyweight history – 7 Third-most significant strikes landed in UFC flyweight history – 1,059  Johnson has been won with numerous awards during his career, such as Fighter of the Year  in 2013 by FOX Sports and again in 2017 by ESPN and Sports Illustrated. He also captured Submission of the Year  honors in 2017 from the Fighters Only  World MMA Awards, ESPN, and MMA Fighting. A native of Parkland, Washington, Johnson excelled in wrestling at Washington High School, placing second and third in the state during his junior and senior seasons. After high school, Johnson trained MMA as a hobby before competing as an amateur on the Washington regional circuit. Johnson is an avid gamer and jiu-jitsu practitioner, competing in the IBJJF Master World and Pan Championships. He currently lives in Washington, with his wife and children. To view Johnson’s UFC FIGHT PASS collection please visit: https://ufcfightpass.com/playlist/34822 To see a complete list of UFC athletes and fights enshrined in the UFC Hall of Fame, as well as details regarding the UFC Hall of Fame format, please visit UFCHOFFAQ . For additional information, please visit UFC.com .

OK, here’s the scene: you’re driving your car with the music cranked. You’re navigating just fine while singing along—until you come to a busy intersection. While you’re pondering how you’ll cross the lanes to make a left turn, you lower the volume of the music. Does this ring any bells? If so, why might this be? Why would you need to reduce the aural stimulus to execute a function that's almost all about visual awareness? Why would one sense interfere with another? I mean, you use your eyes and ears at the same time every day. You can walk and look where you're going while carrying on a conversation and not trip over your own feet. Why should the described instance be any different? The answer involves complexity of task and familiarity of task—with a little bit of multitasking debunking thrown in. Let's hit each one and then examine the implications for combat training. Complexity of task:  Driving a familiar route with few obstacles doesn't place many demands on the brain. As soon as you introduce complexity—the aforementioned intersection, for example—you've got to up your game. Familiarity:  Remember back to when you learned to drive. There were probably tasks that you take for granted now but that had you white-knuckling the steering wheel then. Every new task you confront requires attention input; once you've applied your shortcuts to navigating the new task, you raise the bar for complexity because of this newly acquired familiarity. Multitasking:  Human beings don't multitask. We aren't really walking while talking, or texting while driving, or answering emails while talking to our spouse. We're set up to pay attention to only one thing at a time, and when we engage in multiple tasks, we actually switch back and forth between them at a rapid rate. The switch is so quick we have the illusion we're doing more than a few things well. You don't recognize this defect in multitasking—unless you think about why you turn down the radio for the intersection and close your eyes to "hear." If you apply this realization to your combat training, you'll enjoy better results. The best way to begin is with "present moment" training procedures. Present-moment training is usually approached through vehicles such as Zen or mindfulness training. Those esoteric methods work for some, but they can split your focus. (To learn to be mindful or present in your training, you must first devote time to learning meditation or another contemplative process.) I prefer a more pragmatic way to stay grounded in training and avoid wheel spinning and false multitasking: engage in active training rather than passive training. Active martial arts training requires you to be present by force of complexity or some other outside restriction. Rather than simply working rounds on the bag, you can use external constraints to stay present and focused. Here are two options: • Compete against a partner or yourself for the highest strike rate. Example: If your partner got 235 strikes in his first round, you strive to top that number. • Beat the clock. Decide that you'll execute a certain number of thigh kicks on the banana bag in a certain number of minutes. If you reach that goal, up the ante in your next session. Practically any piece of solo gear can be used in this manner, but partner drilling is when active training really shines because contact is the ultimate stay-in-the-present tool. Partner drills should always involve the threat of contact. If your partner never hits back, you could just as well be training on a heavy bag. Don't get me wrong: I'm not advocating all-out, no-holds-barred donnybrooks in the middle of a double-leg drill. I'm talking about agreeing on contact levels to keep both parties in the game while ensuring there's a little spice. That spice can be as simple as, "Hey, we're both going to shoot double-legs on each other at 80 percent for the next three five-minute rounds, but if the head is open for a jab at any point, can we take that, too?" You both get to work the double-leg with contact to keep you awake, and you've got a wild card to remind you that many folks drop those hands when they switch to grappling mode. It keeps you engaged, and engagement leads to immediate correction of errors and, ultimately, to growth.

Nigeria’s Wasi Adeshina to Headline Historic Nigeria Event against Ignacio Campos  Patrick Ocheme Faces Octave Ayinda in Lightweight First Round Co-Main Event The Professional Fighters League today announced the first pair of bouts as PFL Africa heads to Nigeria for the first time at the Eko Convention Center in Lagos on Saturday, June 13, 2026. The event will mark the largest MMA event in West African history, featuring the opening round of the PFL Africa bantamweight and lightweight tournaments, alongside showcase bouts highlighting top regional talent. Headlining the event will be a featherweight Showcase Bout featuring Nigeria’s Wasi “The Nigerian Jaguar” Adeshina (10-3), who will compete in front of a home crowd in the main event against Spanish star Ignacio “Nacho” Campos (7-2). Adeshina enters as one of the notable local athletes on the card and will look to deliver a strong performance as PFL Africa lands in Nigeria for the first time. Campos, on the other hand, is coming off a big win over Mathys Duragrin at PFL Madrid last month.The co-main event will feature a lightweight first round tournament bout between Nigeria’s Patrick “Star Boi” Ocheme (8-1) and Cameroon’s Octave “The Bantu Warrior” Ayinda (7-1). Ocheme will look to capitalize on the home advantage as he begins his tournament campaign, while Ayinda enters as a challenger aiming to secure a statement victory in the opening round. “ Making our West African debut in Lagos is a major milestone for PFL Africa, and one we’re incredibly excited about ,” said Elias Schulze, General Manager of PFL Africa . “ Nigeria brings incredible passion, culture, and talent, and Lagos is the perfect stage for this moment. The energy from the fans, the depth of local talent, and the opportunity to showcase it all on a global platform make this event truly special. We’re bringing elite competition to one of the most vibrant cities in the world, and highlighting the pride, colour, and intensity that define African MMA .” Additional bouts for the PFL Africa: Nigeria card will be announced in the coming weeks. PFL Africa: Nigeria  card: SuperSport (Africa - English) | Canal+ (Africa - French) Saturday, June 13 Featherweight Showcase Main Event: Wasi Adeshina (10-3) vs. Ignacio Campos (7-2) Lightweight Tournament First Round: Patrick Ocheme (7-1) vs. Octave Ayinda (8-1)

When I crave a few hours of escape from my own reality, I watch Kitchen Nightmares . I can’t recall why that show first caught my attention, but once I saw an episode, I was compelled to watch them all. If you aren’t familiar with the concept, let me give you some background. A renowned chef named Gordon Ramsay travels the country to help restaurants that are on the edge of failure. The owners of the establishments have requested his help because of his track record, and they’re often exuberant when they’re chosen. Once he shows up and begins the revival process, however, they tend to become resentful and angry. Why? Because he tells it like it is. Even though these businesses are about to collapse—some are hundreds of thousands of dollars in debt—the owners resist changing any of the things that have landed them in trouble. Example: Ramsay frequently suggests a menu overhaul to revive the enthusiasm of customers. Even though customers may not enjoy some of the current dishes, owners are often reluctant to comply. Some reference the old menu items as “tradition,” “a family recipe” or simply a dish that’s been offered for years. Ramsay doesn’t care. His response is the same: If it isn’t working, change it. Forget the emotional attachments and the tradition. That solution, along with other recurring comments such as update the décor, simplify the menu, change the staff and clean the place thoroughly, have prompted me to look at my martial arts center and ask myself some basic questions. Here are a few I’ve recently considered: Is the dojo clean?  Although most martial arts schools don’t have disgusting and potentially unhealthy conditions, we’re all guilty of the occasional cleaning faux pas. Are the mats sanitized regularly? Are there cobwebs in the corners? It’s easy to neglect the little things when you’re focused on teaching. Is the environment welcoming?  Ramsay often observes that restaurant owners don’t do enough to make passers-by even notice the building, let alone walk inside. It could be because the signage is lacking, the exterior of the building is run down or the lawn needs mowing. As he likes to remind people, excellence begins outside. This is one I need to focus on. Is the curriculum relevant?  Restaurant owners need to be concerned with ensuring their menu is current and relevant, and dojo owners need to think the same way about their curriculum. In essence, it’s our menu. When was the last time you took a hard look at what you’re teaching? Are you keeping up to date on teaching methods and martial arts trends? How many journals and magazines do you subscribe to? Is your staff composed of the right people?  To answer this question, list each area of responsibility in your school, then make another list of the skills required for the positions. Now evaluate the people doing those jobs. Do they have the necessary skills? Are you providing proper training? Are you paying them? Forget the days of volunteer teachers and unpaid front-of-office workers. If people work for you, get them trained, informed about your expectations and paid for services rendered. FINALLY, AND THIS IS THE BIG ONE, are you willing to hear feedback?  Many of the restaurateurs who appear on Kitchen Nightmares  become defensive when Ramsay provides constructive criticism. All business owners, however, should seek to improve their services, and that requires being open to observations from outsiders. If we want our industry and our businesses to continue evolving, we must constantly review our operations, listen to feedback from customers and take action when necessary. As Kitchen Nightmares  reminds us, it’s the business owner with an open mind who’s most likely to succeed in this ever-changing marketplace.

In the dojo, the most common cause of broken wrists is a fall in which the martial artist attempts to lessen the impact by extending an arm to make first contact with the floor. A less-common cause is a direct blow that hits the wrist. When you consider how important the wrist is in the delivery of power—as well as in locking, grabbing and escaping from grabs—it pays to know the physiological limits of the joint. And for times when the worst-case scenario happens, it’s beneficial to know what to expect when a wrist is broken. First, the anatomy. The wrist joint is designed to allow many degrees of movement: flexion, extension, radial and ulnar deviation, and supination (turning the palm up) and pronation (turning the palm down). The distal radius and ulna form the wrist bone and connect to the hand (carpal) bones through ligaments. The distal radius and ulna are also connected to each other by ligaments. When we talk about wrist fractures, we’re referring to a break in the distal radius and/or ulna at the level of the metaphysis, which is the flared region of a bone. In children, an injury to the wrist bone can consist of damage to the growth plate because they’re not skeletally mature yet. Children also can suffer an incomplete fracture, wherein only one side of the bone is broken. Yet another common injury in young martial artists is a buckle fracture, which follows a compressive load through the distal radius. And, of course, kids can sustain a complete fracture just like adults. For a mature martial artist, a wrist fracture is either displaced or undisplaced, and it involves the distal radius and/or the ulna. “Displaced” means there’s been a shift in position between the two broken parts. “Undisplaced” means there has been no movement or shift. An undisplaced fracture is treated nonoperatively. The wrist is immobilized with a secure splint or a cast. The injury generally takes four to six weeks to heal. When the wrist fracture is displaced, it usually warrants a reduction to properly align the bone(s). Getting the wrist into adequate alignment is important because if it heals in a crooked position, it will pose problems in the future. Those problems may include pain, stiffness and decreased grip strength. When you sustain a wrist injury, the medical assessment will involve X-rays. If a reduction is required for a displaced fracture, another X-ray will be obtained after the reduction to judge the quality of the procedure. If the alignment is acceptable, the injury may be treated in a cast and closely monitored. If, at the next follow-up appointment, the wrist bones have shifted again despite being in a cast, surgery will be needed. For unstable wrist fractures—those whose alignment cannot be maintained in a cast—surgery will probably be recommended. The decision to undergo surgery should take into account factors such as the patient’s age, activity level and overall health. The postoperative course also should be individualized. If the bone quality is good and the fixation is strong, early range-of-motion therapy can be initiated. If the bone is soft and the fixation questionable, therapy may be started later to minimize the risk of further fracture displacement. It takes effort to undergo the therapy needed to recover from a wrist fracture. Even when that happens, the joint can feel stiff and it can take months to regain motion, strength and baseline functionality. If the fracture is severe and/or the treatment is not optimal, there’s a possibility you won’t regain all the motion, strength and functionality you had. That’s why it’s imperative that you seek medical attention anytime you suffer a wrist injury that might involve a fracture.

Some fighters are built in elite gyms surrounded by champions, pushed by coaches who specialize in creating competitors, training alongside teammates all chasing the same dream. Hyu Iwata, however, wasn't that fighter. The 23-year-old Japanese phenom, who now carries an unblemished 13-0 kickboxing record and rides a four-knockout winning streak in ONE Championship, was built in a small dojo in Osaka where his teammates weren't particularly interested in competition. What he became – Japan's full-contact karate champion, winner of the brutal JFKO Championship, and now an undefeated kickboxing sensation – he created largely on his own through sheer will and an understanding that results require pushing yourself when no one else is pushing you.  On April 29 at ONE SAMURAI 1 in Tokyo's Ariake Arena, Hyu faces compatriot Taiki Naito in a flyweight kickboxing clash that represents the latest chapter in a journey that began with a mother's fear of sliding tackles and evolved into mastery built from within. "I was deciding between soccer and karate. I said I'd go with soccer, but my mom was scared of sliding tackles, so it ended up being karate," Hyu recalled with characteristic humor. What if young Hyu had pursued soccer instead? But fate, filtered through a mother's protective instincts, pointed him toward the dojo, where he would discover not just a sport but the foundation for everything that followed. The small dojo in Osaka where he trained wasn't designed to produce champions. It was a community space, a place where people came to learn basics, to get exercise, and to participate in a traditional martial art without necessarily dreaming of competitive glory. "My gym was actually a really small dojo. It wasn't the kind of place heavily focused on competition. My teammates weren't really fight-focused either. But I just kind of broke through on my own from there," Hyu explained. This detail matters because it speaks to something essential about Hyu's character. Many fighters credit world-class training environments, famous coaches, or competitive teammates for pushing them to greatness. Hyu had none of those advantages. What he had was internal drive: the ability to set his own standards and hold himself accountable when no one around him was doing the same. The pinnacle of his karate career came with the JFKO Championship, considered by many to be the toughest karate tournament in the world. The format alone is brutal: a test not just of technique but of physical endurance and mental fortitude that few competitions can match. "It's a two-day event. You fight about four bouts a day and win through a field of about 100 competitors to take the championship," Hyu described. Winning the JFKO Championship didn't just prove Hyu's technical ability. It revealed his mental toughness, his capacity to recover between bouts, his ability to strategize against multiple opponents with different styles, and most importantly, his preparation throughout the year leading up to those two grueling days. "I think what I learned was the importance of producing results. You have to push yourself every single day throughout the year for that one moment. You have to beat your own mind and get yourself prepared," Hyu reflected, articulating the lesson that would carry him from karate champion to undefeated kickboxing star. The transition to kickboxing has been seamless. His 5-0 ONE Championship record includes four finishes. The Osaka native has proven that the foundation built in that small dojo, refined through full-contact karate competition, and hardened through the JFKO Championship translates perfectly to elite-level kickboxing, and he is living proof that great athletes can come from not-so-famous gyms.

These days, we take for granted that each of us belongs to many overlapping communities. All the kids, parents, and staff members at my child’s elementary school see themselves as part of a school community. The foreign residents here in Tokyo talk about being part of the expatriate community. And, of course, everyone reading Black Belt is part of the martial arts community. What often gets lost in all this talk of community is how much of an individual endeavor martial arts training is. In everything from learning a form to fighting in the cage to finding spiritual insights, community is about support. Usually, it’s about giving us context and guidance. But no matter what a martial arts community does for people, it can only take them so far. The martial arts always end in individual achievement. THE MOST OBVIOUS  example comes from the fight sports. You could be a pro MMA guy with a team of coaches, nutritionists, and conditioning specialists all focused on you. You could be one member of a big judo team that spars constantly and does old-school conditioning work together. It doesn’t matter. Your martial arts community can only help you get ready to fight; it’s the fighter who wins or loses the match. The same goes for the seemingly simple act of learning an art. Some mistakenly believe that learning is a passive process. They think the instructor gives them techniques and they simply do what he says. The reality is that learning is always an active process. It’s something that the student does and that the instructor guides. Without that individual struggle to really understand an art and do it well, there’s no real learning, just rote memorization. Spiritual development is just as much of an active process as learning the skills of fighting is. Enlightenment, or some lesser insight, might come to a few martial artists suddenly, but it’s rarely without effort. Usually, the real gurus and mystics of the arts spend years in contemplation and study before their flash of awareness. MY FAVORITE EXAMPLE  of this is kyudo. It’s one of the few arts that are competitive and spiritual. And like all arts, you have to figure things out for yourself, even when you have help from an instructor. The competitive side of kyudo is probably the purest example of individual achievement in the martial arts. You and you alone hit or miss the target. There’s no opponent who can make you look good or bad. You can’t blame faulty equipment if you fail to hit the target because you’re as much responsible for your own equipment as you are for making the shot. As kyudo master Hideharu Onuma said, the bow doesn’t lie. When you shoot, it shows who you really are. The spiritual side of kyudo emerges naturally from practice. There’s a desire to hit the target that can get in the way of actually hitting it, a desire that must be overcome for the shooting to become effortless. There’s the sense of time and distance being illusions—when master archers feel that the arrow already exists in the target. All these things come only through long, concentrated effort. Then there’s the simple act of learning kyudo. The forms are short and the movements few, but learning to do them right requires constant self-examination and effort. A novice can be taught and guided, but only he can learn to feel the right position of his body and when to let the arrow fly. Only an active student can gain the kind of intuitive feel for correct shooting that Japanese archery is famed for. Of course, community is as important in kyudo as in any martial art. It takes a lot to organize competitions and run a kyudojo. But even with all the carefully coordinated effort during practice and all the care needed to maintain an archery range, there’s still nothing more individual than hitting that target yourself. THE BEST THING  about having a sense of community is your identity expands. Your connection with the people gives a larger sense of self, something bigger and more meaningful than just your own talents. But that’s also its greatest danger. It’s easy to get lost in your community, to identify too closely with it, to let actual martial arts achievement fade and allow your personality to become diffuse. You just become part of the group instead of yourself. And the antidote is always the same: to find yourself through some kind of martial arts achievement. That is what defines our community and ourselves.

One thing people routinely fail to incorporate into their training is what to do when they’re hurt. It’s probably because we’re all invincible and immortal, right? I mean, we’re doing the hurting, not the other way around… aren’t we? Two small words that say so much will answer those questions best: “If only.” If only we never got hit hard, never got staggered, never had to take a knee. Obviously, we all want to train to succeed, but we’d be silly not to consider failure and develop skills for what we’re going to do in the event we zig when we should’ve zagged. In combat sports—boxing, MMA, and muay Thai—a byproduct of hard training is the development of your “chin.” Hard sparring teaches you how to roll with a punch and adjust your range to mitigate strikes, and it helps you identify where the holes are in your defense. Unfortunately, the same can’t be said about practice sessions in which sparring stops when blood is drawn and complete finishes aren’t encouraged. So how are you supposed to react when your bell is rung? What does it feel like? What will it do to your ability to fight? Until it happens to you, you can’t really learn how to deal with it. Continuous aggressive pressure teaches you that a good defense isn’t complete unless you can make your attacker step back. If all you’re doing is covering up to protect yourself—or worse, turning your back—I’ve got some really bad news for you… YOUR TRAINING SHOULD INCLUDE  simple combinations that you grind into your motor memory. When you catch a good shot, it’s apparent to whoever threw it. If he’s aggressive enough to be fighting with you in the first place, he’s likely smart enough to know when and how to close the deal. You want to ruin his intention. Glove up with a training partner and have him fire off a few shots. Block and defend, but immediately fire back—not exactly blindly but certainly directly. Make him feel at risk. Do this over and over until your shots are literally following his retracting hands back to him. Once you’ve got the hang of it, add this: immediately sit down, step out to the side, and punch again from a new angle. Drill this simple response until you can get it done consistently and reliably—even if you're a little rocked. Defend, hit back, change levels, be somewhere new, hit back again. If you get hit square and you're suddenly tasting blood in the back of your throat, don't freak out. You can certainly spit it out, but don't hang your mouth open to gasp for air. Just breathe through and around your teeth. Keep biting down—you don't want to sustain another hit with your mouth open. Don't blow your nose, either; just let it drip. PERHAPS THE HARDEST THING  about all this for most people is fighting through pain and adversity, knowing that you're hurt and not 100 percent. Take heart! Many boxing coaches have told their pupils, "The most dangerous fighter can be the one you've hurt." There's a reason for that admonishment. When you suddenly understand the gravity of the situation, you can leverage the adrenaline dump to your advantage—if you have the skills and the training. When you train, make every effort not to just participate but to dominate the range inside which you're both at risk. Remember that in order to hit, you've got to be within range to be hit. Being able to take a heavy shot while staying focused is essential to dominating that space. The only way to learn how to do that is to experience it. You have to learn that a heavy-handed hit alone doesn't mean you can't still prevail—experientially, not theoretically. You've undoubtedly seen it during combat sports events. Tim Bradley vs. Ruslan Provodnikov comes to mind—Bradley's determination and instincts to survive were so strong he weathered a terrible beating and still managed to step off a powerful and aggressive Provodnikov. Developing that in yourself doesn't come easily or cheaply; it takes committed training with the potential for injury. If you're serious about self-defense, you have to subject yourself to increasingly harder training in which there's an element of real risk—controlled and safe, of course, but risk nonetheless. There's no substitute for inuring yourself to the presence of risk and learning to deal with the possible consequences, especially when you've sustained some damage.

Long before the world came to know Chuck Norris through the lens of entertainment, he had already earned deep respect where it mattered most—on the mats, in the dojo, and among those who truly understood discipline. Since the 1960s—before the films, before the mythology, before Hollywood had any claim— Black Belt Magazine  chronicled his journey. Chuck was more than a subject of its pages; he was part of the foundation that helped shape its lasting influence within the martial arts community. So with that in mind, it is only fitting, then, that the voices gathered here are not distant admirers, but members of that community—those who stood beside him, trained with him, and witnessed his path firsthand. Across seven decades, Chuck didn’t simply influence the world; he shaped it—one student, one lesson, one example at a time. For many, he was more than a champion or a star. He was a teacher, a standard, and a source of inspiration that changed the course of their lives. From the 1979 visit to Black Belt Magazine offices This tribute is not about the myth or the legend that grew around his name. It is about the man—and the community he helped build, strengthen, and unite. It is about the quiet moments beyond the spotlight, the values he lived by, and the legacy that continues to ripple through generations of martial artists. Because for those who knew him—who trained with him, learned from him, and understood what he stood for—his impact reaches far beyond accolades or fame. It lives in how we approach our craft, in the respect we bring to every exchange, and in the standards we hold ourselves to. We continue to honor the art above all. That is the lesson we learned from Chuck. As Mike Stone , who stood alongside him from the very beginning, said: “It was natural for the top fighters to gravitate toward one another. We shared similar skills, similar mindsets, and a mutual understanding of what it took to step onto the floor. Everyone wanted to win, but there was never a loss of respect. Because of that, friendships came easily." What follows are testimonials from those who walked beside him, trained with him, and came to respect—and love—the man behind the legend.'' Bill "Superfoot" Wallace - World Middleweight Champion, Black Belt Hall of Fame Publicity stills from the 1979 Force of One   Bill Wallace and Chuck Norris go way back—they were longtime friends, peers, and two of the biggest names in the 1970s martial arts scene. You could see that mutual respect both on and off screen, especially in their fight scene in A Force of One  (1979). Chuck always spoke highly of Bill, seeing him as a true equal—which says a lot considering how many great martial artists were out there. After Chuck’s passing, Bill’s words were simple and heartfelt: “Chuck was the last of the good guys.” Mike Stone – International Karate Champion, Black Belt Hall of Fame "I first met Chuck Norris back in 1965. We both competed at the Internationals, though we never faced each other because of our weight divisions. In those days, it was a small, tight-knit circle. The same competitors showed up at every event. Despite the intensity and, at times, the danger, it was still a game. Competitive, yes… but grounded in respect. Some of my fondest memories of Chuck didn't happen in the arena, they happened in the quiet spaces where character reveals itself. We traveled to Hawaii as part of the Mainland team to compete against the Hawaii team and spent a few extra days simply enjoying life. I still have the home movies—us swimming, laughing, and sunbathing. Moments like that stay with you, because they show who a man truly is when the spotlight is gone. Chuck Norris is more than a champion. He is a living symbol of what martial arts were meant to be. Everything he achieved, he earned through hard work, dedication, and an unwavering commitment to excellence. And because of that, he has earned something even greater than titles: the love and respect of his friends, his peers, and generations of students and fans. A true legend. A true martial artist. A true friend." Jeff Smith - World Light Heavyweight Champion, Black Belt Hall of Fame "Chuck Norris had more impact on spreading martial arts throughout the world than any other martial artist. His loss to the martial arts community will be felt around the world. His contributions in all facets of the martial arts are unequaled. From top competitor, instructor, and school owner, to his association with the Chuck Norris style, tournament promoter, his kickboxing league, health products, TV, and movies—but mostly his great personality and the friendship he shared so freely with so many. Condolences to his family, friends, students, and fellow martial artists on his passing. But he will be remembered for the many lives he has touched and the friendships he has shared over the years." Benny Urquidez - World Kickboxing Champion, Black Belt Hall of Fame "Chuck Norris and my family go way back, back to the 60s at the Nationals. Not only did I have the chance to watch him compete and perform, I also had the privilege of training him in the early 70s in Kickboxing and we had a great time! What an incredible warrior and gifted martial artist. Over the years, we worked together on movies, stunt choreography, and fights, and my wife and I would often travel to give seminars for Chuck's UFAF organization. I feel so very blessed and very privileged to have had those experiences with him. Over the years, our families spent time together at Chuck's ranch and many great moments of friendship were shared. We have lost a titan, and a dear friend. Our love is with Gena [and] the Norris family. I just want to say Chuck, Carlos, you were such a beautiful warrior. We lost a profound warrior of knowledge and experience, gifts that he shared with all of us. He leaves an incredible legacy and body of work that millions can continue to enjoy. Chuck, I wish you ease and happiness on your journey and may we meet again sometime in the next lifetime, my friend." Cynthia Rothrock - 5 Time World Champion, Black Belt Hall of Fame "I’ve always deeply respected not only Chuck Norris’ martial arts skill, but also the way he has carried himself as a mentor and role model over the years. In a world where talent often takes the spotlight, Chuck has consistently demonstrated that character, discipline, and integrity matter just as much—if not more. His influence extends far beyond technique or titles, inspiring generations of martial artists, myself included, to pursue the arts with a greater sense of purpose that blends physical mastery with spiritual growth, humility, and respect for others. That balance is rare and continues to set him apart as a true icon. I’ve also long admired how he has used his fame to uplift others, promote positivity, and remain grounded in his values—an approach to leadership that creates a lasting legacy and strengthens the entire martial arts community. Chuck is not just a martial arts legend, but a guiding force beyond it." Curtis Wong - Founder Inside Kung Fu Magazine and Black Belt Hall of Fame Chuck told me years ago that he was going to make another movie, but the studio couldn’t pay him. He said he would do it for free since they were always good to him. Thats the kind of man he was always a loyal and kind hearted. Joe Corley - 10th Degree Black Belt, Black Belt Hall of Fame "Moments in time can alter the trajectory of a life. For me, that moment came in 1968 at Madison Square Garden, where I met Chuck Norris—someone I had followed closely in the pages of Black Belt Magazine. After the tournament, Chuck extended an invitation that would change everything: he asked me to come train with him. I accepted, and what I experienced left a permanent mark. I was struck not only by his skill, but by his energy, his humility, and the culture he had built within his schools. It was there that he introduced me to Pat Johnson, and together, their influence shaped my vision, my standards, and ultimately the path I would pursue. So much of what I dreamed—and what I was later able to accomplish—can be traced back to that single, generous invitation." Carlos Bunda International Lightweight Champion, Black Belt Hall of Fame Legendary photo including bottom row Steve Muhammad, Carlos Bunda, Ron Marchini, Chuck Norris and Mike Stone. The first time I competed against Chuck Norris was at the 1965 Long Beach Internationals. I did not know who he was and after seeing the way he attacked me, I found Chuck’s techniques predictable. A few months later we met again at the Winter Nationals. Fortunate to have beaten him again. We were matched again at the1966 Internationals grand championship round robin matches. I went against a different Chuck Norris. This time he was not attacking with his arsenal of kicks. Instead, he waited for me to make a move. He was nothing like the Chuck Norris I knew from our previous matches. To me, he improved his fighting style and there was no way I could counter his moves. Needless to say, he was just beginning his martial arts journey and his personal life and was envied by his peers. The martial arts world has lost an icon & role model. R.I.P. Chuck Norris. Mitchell Bobrow "Boy Wonder"  Karate Illustrated #1, Taekwondo Hall of Fame I first saw Chuck Norris compete back in 1966 at Madison Square Garden during the All-American Open KarateTournament.  At the time, I was mostly a fan, excitedly sitting with my program, jotting down notes, while watching the matches.  During one fight, something memorable happened. Chuck’s opponent grabbed his uniform, which was a no-no. But Chuck quickly grabbed him back, turned, and executed a fantastic high hip judo throw, Koshi-waza. sending his opponent flat on his back! Everyone in the arena was amazed,  it was a truly inspiring moment that changed my view on martial arts and sparked my own journey to becoming a champion. Chuck and I became lifelong friends, and I'll always remember him as "The ICON" Roy Kurban - 9th Degree American Tae Kwon Do Grand Master and former national competitor. "As a nineteen year old brown belt, I had the good fortune to sit by Chuck Norris’ ring at the 1968 US Karate Championships in Dallas, Texas. He destroyed all of his competition with speed, timing, a variety of combinations and aggressiveness. Each victory was a tutorial in technical excellence. He demonstrated good sportsmanship before, during, and after all matches. I had the golden opportunity to train under Chuck on several occasions. His teaching and communication of sparring concepts was second to none. When Chuck retired from the ring, he focused on developing the sport of kickboxing, becoming a motion picture icon, and changing the lives of tens of thousands at risk children through his KickStart Program nationwide. "I’ve lost a brother" Simon Rhee - Grand Master Tae Kwon Do, Black Belt Hall of Fame Chuck Norris sold his Wilshire studio to Master Jun Chong back in 1975. "I had pleasure of sparring with Master Norris few times at the studio and he was the nicest martial artist I have ever sparred with! When I saw him at the set of Walker Texas Ranger, as soon as he saw me, he came over to greet me, when he is the STAR . I have nothing but deep love and respect for him!" Carlos Machado - World Masters Champion, Black Belt Hall of Fame  "Heroes are idealized on screens and books, making a character bigger than life. Chuck Norris himself was a genuine character of hero proportions. I feel blessed to have known in person that side of him in real life!" Rigan Machado - 8th Degree Red & White Belt, Black Belt Hall of Fame  “Chuck Norris — Carlos to me — is a friend, a brother, and an amazing person. It’s been a true honor to know such a remarkable man—my hero. He’s the person who helped the Machado brothers come to the United States. I’m forever grateful to my brother, Chuck Norris.” JJ Perry - USA Tae Kwon Do Team and Texas State Champion, Stuntman of the Year "He was a maverick, an icon, an amazing martial arts master, he inspired my generation. I’m just grateful I had the privilege of spending time with him, he was the most generous man, and the kindest man, and the wisest man that I’ve known." Ron Van Clief - 15 time all American Champion, Black Belt Hall of Fame "Chuck Norris, was an amazing individual with exceptional skills, both mentally and physically. His spirit and determination were unmatched. Learned techniques from him regarding life and health that only reinforced my unstoppable spirit. He was always encouraging and positive. One of the legends of the martial arts that I highly respected. An Icon..." Ernie Ryes Jr - National Forms Champion, Black Belt Hall of Fame "I had the privilege to spend a lot of time with Chuck Norris over the years. From martial arts tournaments, to simultaneously promoting movies together (Surf Ninjas and Sidekicks), to weekends with Joe Kaufenberg in Las Vegas. Mr. Norris was an amazing individual with exceptional skills, both mentally and physically. His spirit and determination were unmatched. Learned techniques from him regarding life and health that only reinforced my unstoppable spirit. He was always encouraging and positive. One of the legends of the martial arts that I highly respected. An Icon..."